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Civil War

Civil War. Major Political Parties. Shaping of the Confederacy. Confederate states of America Slavery Jefferson Davis. North (Anaconda Plan). BLOCKADE. South. Defensive Strategy Generals encouraged to attack if they were given the opportunity Firing on South Carolina’s (Ft. Sumter)

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Civil War

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  1. Civil War

  2. Major Political Parties

  3. Shaping of the Confederacy • Confederate states of America • Slavery • Jefferson Davis

  4. North (Anaconda Plan) BLOCKADE

  5. South • Defensive Strategy • Generals encouraged to attack if they were given the opportunity • Firing on South Carolina’s (Ft. Sumter) • General Lee

  6. Bull Run • Confederates won • “Stonewall” http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/firstmanassas/first-manassas-maps/bull-run-animated-map/

  7. New Weapons • Ironclad ship – steam propelled warship • Rifle – more accurate • Minie ball – soft lead bullet that was more destructive • Primitive hand grenades and land mines

  8. Lincoln During the Civil War • Felt the South had never really left the Union • PRESERVE THE UNION • Lincoln increased the power of the Presidency • Emancipation Proclamation • Freedslaves in all rebelling regions • Exempted Union slave states • Used it as a military measure • Pushed border states to free their slaves 4. Suspended writ of habeas corpus

  9. Copperheads – Northern Democrats who opposed Lincoln and the war effort • Conscription – draft, instituted for the 1st time by central gov’t

  10. Gettysburg • Turning point of war takes place when General Lee invades the North and loses the Battle of Gettysburg • Lee surrenders @ Appomattox Court House http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg.html?tab=home

  11. Civil War – Home Front • Homestead Act • 160 acres of land; must settle within 5 years • Morrill Land Grant • Money for public universities that would teach agricultural and mechanical skills • National Banking Act • Did away with statebanks & set up a system of national banks • Gave U.S. a new uniform currency: national bank note • Issued greenbacks – paper money

  12. Reconstruction

  13. Lincoln’s Plan – Proclamation of Amnesty • Based on the idea that the Southern States had neverleft the Union. • Pardons to Southerners who swore oaths of loyalty to the United States • Recognition of new southern state govt’s when 10% of those who had voted in the 1860 election took these oaths • When the states adopted new Constitutions abolishing slavery (13th Amendment – 1865)

  14. Johnson’s Plan • Vice President Johnson became President after Lincoln was assassinated S. Democrat from Tennessee White supremacist

  15. Follow Lincoln’s General Plan • Write a new state constitution if you wanted admittance • Ratify the 13th Amendment • Elect a new government • Repeal the act of succession • All former leaders of the Confederacy would lose the right to vote

  16. Congress’s Plan – Radical Reconstruction Passed over President Johnson’s vetoes • Disband state governments and set up 5 military districts in the south. • Each state write a new constitution, guaranteeing black male suffrage (15th Amendment) • Ratification of the 14th Amendment • All citizens get equal protection under the law • Anyone who was a former Confederate could not vote or hold office

  17. Freedman’s Bureau • Educate and give financial support to freedmen

  18. Civil Rights Act • Equal opportunities for all citizens

  19. Impeachment of A. Johnson • They attempted impeachment by charging him with high crimes and misdemeanors over violating the Tenure of Office Act • House of Representatives voted YES on impeachment charges • Senate came within ONE vote of removing Johnson from office

  20. End of Reconstruction • Election of 1876 – between Rutherford B. Hayes(Republican) and Sam Tilden (Democrat) is filled with controversy. • Hayes is declared the winner by a compromise!! WHY??? • The Republicans give in and end Reconstruction, known as Compromise of 1877

  21. What happened to former slaves? • Tenant farmers • Farmers who rent land from a landlord • Sharecroppers • Farmers who pay rent with a portion of their crop

  22. Reversing Reconstruction • Taking away voting rights (15th Amendment) • Poll taxes – fees you pay before you can vote • Literacy tests – reading tests that must be passed before voting • Grandfather clause – if your grandfather could vote on Jan. 1, 1867, you were excused from fees and tests All 3, prevented freedmen from voting!

  23. Jim Crow Laws • Called for segregationor separation of the racesin publicplaces

  24. Black Codes • Laws that restricted blacks civil rights

  25. Solid South • South votedpredominantly for the Democratic Party – known as the Solid South

  26. Plessy v. Ferguson WHITE’S ONLY

  27. Odds & Ends to Reconstruction

  28. Scalawags • White southerners who joined the Republican Party • Means scoundrel • Wanted South to rebuildas quickly as possible • Opposed slavery and succession

  29. Carpetbaggers • Northerners who wanted to exploit the South’s postwar turmoil for their own profit • Had mixed motives for supporting Radical Reconstruction • Moralduty to help slaves • Business people who wanted to start new industries

  30. Secret Societies • High taxes • Presence of northerntroops • Some turned to terrorism

  31. KKK • Founded as a social club for confederate veterans‘ • Turned into a violent terrorist group • Goal was restore white supremacy Named after the Greek word kuklos, which means circle. First Grand Wizard was Nathan Bedford Forrest.

  32. Knights of the White Camelia • Secret group of wealthy southerners supporting white supremacy • Opposed Republican government • Died out by 1870

  33. Grant’s Administration • Nice dude, who picked really crappy advisors! • Had to political experience • Treasury Department Scandal • Involving railroadson a gov’t collecting contract • Whiskey Ring • Involved internal revenue collectors who had helped defraud the federal government of millions of dollars of revenue taxes on whiskey

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