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Learn about the processes of erosion and mass movement, including gravity, running water, wind, and glaciers. Discover the different types of mass movement like slump, creep, rockslides, and mudflows. Find out how sediments are deposited as energy of motion decreases.
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Erosion – The process of moving weathered sediments from one location to another.
Slump • occurs when loose materials or rock layers slip downward as one large mass. It happens because the material under the slump weakens.
Creep • occurs when sediments slowly move downhill. As the ground freezes, small sediments are pushed up by the expanding water in the soil. As it thaws, the sediments fall downslope, often less than a millimeter at a time.
Rockslides • occur when large blocks of rock break loose from steep slopes and tumble quickly to the bottom.
Mudflows • usually occur in relatively dry areas where weathering forms thick layers of dry sediments. When heavy rains or rapid ice thawing happens, water mixes w/ the sediments & forms a thick mud. Gravity causes this mud to flow downhill.
All types of Mass Movement happen where there are slopes. All are more likely to happen after a heavy rain because water makes the sediments heavier & slippery.
All carry sediments only when they have enough energy of motion. • Deposition – Sediments are dropped when the energy of motion decreases. Largest first then small as energy lessens.
Mass Movement • Gravity causes loose materials to move down a slope. When gravity alone causes materials to move downslope this erosion is called Mass Movement.
