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Exploring DNA Structure: An Overview of Classical and Alternative Features

Discover the classical antiparallel duplex structure of DNA, its complementary sequences, major groove details, and alternative structures. Learn about DNA melting, annealing, linking number, supercoiling, topoisomerases, and RNA secondary structures with enzymatic activities.

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Exploring DNA Structure: An Overview of Classical and Alternative Features

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  1. Chapter 6 DNA Structure 11 September, 2006

  2. Overview • The classical DNA structure is an antiparallel duplex of polynucleotides . • The two strands of DNA have complementary sequence because of base pairing interactions. • The major groove of a DNA duplex is carries accessible information about the sequence. • DNA can exist in alternative structures. • DNA molecules can melt and anneal. • The linking number, composed of twist and writhe is a property of covalently closed circles. • DNA in cells is negatively supercoiled. • Topoisomerases cleave and rejoin strands to change the supercoiling state of DNA. • RNA is usually single stranded, and form complex seconbdary and tertiary structures, including some that have enzymatic activity.

  3. The DNA duplex

  4. Bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides

  5. Base pairing

  6. Bases and Alternative Base Isoforms

  7. Base Pairing

  8. Major Groove Sequence Information

  9. Alternative DNA Structures

  10. DNA can melt and anneal.

  11. DNA Tm Depends on %GC and [salt].

  12. DNA renaturation kinetics depend on sequence complexity.

  13. Linking number and DNA topology

  14. DNA in most cells is negatively supercoiled. Nicked DNA spontaneously relaxes.

  15. Topoisomerases enzymatically change the linking number.

  16. Topoisomerases also disentangle DNA molecules.

  17. Topoisomerase action

  18. DNA topoisomers can be separated electrophoretically.

  19. Ethidium causes DNA to underwind.

  20. RNA Structures

  21. Non-W/C base pairs

  22. Some RNAs are enzymes.

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