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Food Nutrients

Food Nutrients. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. Main source of chemical energy in food Come in different sizes and complexity Monosaccharides , disaccharides, polysaccharides Glucose is the most common monosaccharide. Types of Carbs.

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Food Nutrients

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  1. Food Nutrients

  2. Carbohydrates

  3. Carbohydrates • Main source of chemical energy in food • Come in different sizes and complexity • Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides • Glucose is the most common monosaccharide

  4. Types of Carbs • Glucose is used in cellular respiration to break down into energy molecules (adenosine triphosphate or ATP) • Lactose and Sucrose are common disaccharides (are digested into glucose molecules) • Cellulose and glycogen are common polysaccharides stored in plants and animals respectively

  5. Carbs in diet and living tissues • Most are used for energy by catabolic reactions to form glucose subunits • Some are stored in muscles and in the liver as glycogen • If not utilized then converted into fats (lipids)

  6. Proteins

  7. Proteins • Most diverse and complex macromolecule • Used for variety of functions and structural components • Made of long chains of amino acids • 20 a.a. all together, 8 of them are essential; meaning that the have to be obtained through diet

  8. Functions • Enzymes – control/catalyze chemical reactions • Myosin – protein responsible for muscle contraction • Haemoglobin – transport O2 in blood • Collagen – connective tissue in skin • HGH – human growth hormone • Antibodies – immune signalers

  9. Lipids

  10. Components of lipids • Main subunit is a triglyceride • Saturated – solid fats at room temperature • Unsaturated – liquids at room temperature

  11. Lipids • Concentrated chemical energy • Used for absorbing vitamins, making sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) and main component of cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

  12. Common lipids • Some (like amino acids) are essential • ie; Omega – 3 fatty acid . . . Good for heart health and arthritis • Steroids are made of fats (sex hormones) • Cholesterol (both good and bad types); used for cell membrane structure

  13. Vitamins

  14. Vitamins • Vitamins are used for regulating cell functions, growth and development • Either fat soluble or water soluble • Vit. A,D,E and K are fat soluble and are stored in fat tissue (not easily eliminated and can be toxic if levels are high) • Vit. B and C are water soluble, passed in urine and need to be replenished daily

  15. Minerals • Elements that the body uses to carry out cellular functions • Sodium – used for muscle contraction and nerve impulses • Iron – O2 binds to it in haemoglobin • Many others as well . . .

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