Traumatic Brain Injury

1. Traumatic Brain Injury Curt, Travis, and Christina

2. Recognizing a TBI Definitions of Traumatic Brain Injury specify the following: • There is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. • The injury is not caused by a degenerative or congenital condition. • There is a diminished or altered state of consciousness. • Neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury. 

3. Myths and Misconceptions  The following statements are FALSE: • The degree of impairment correlates with the force of impact. • A "mild" brain injury will improve quickly. • Children's brains are more adaptable and pliant, therefore more resilient to the damaging effects of a brain injury. • The younger the child, the more likley they won't suffer from profound long-term effects. • TBI impairments always show up right away. 

4. Facts:  In the U.S. each year, 1.4 million people sustain a TBI. • 50,000 of them die • 235,000 are hospitalized • 1.1 million are treated and      released from an emergency room The most common form  of a TBI is a concussion. Two groups at highest risk:  • Newborn-4 years • 15-18 years

5. Levels of TBI  Mild Moderate Severe

6. Eye opening Spontaneous = 4 To speech = 3 To painful stimulation = 2 No response = 1 Verbal response Oriented to person, place, and date = 5 Converses but is disoriented = 4 Says inappropriate words = 3 Says incomprehensible sounds = 2 No response = 1 Motor response Follows commands = 6 Makes localizing movements to pain = 5 Makes withdrawal movements to pain = 4 Flexor (decorticate) posturing to pain = 3 Extensor (decerebrate) posturing to pain = 2 No response = 1 The severity of TBI according to the GCS score (within 48 h) is as follows: Severe TBI = 3-8 Moderate TBI = 9-12 Mild TBI = 13-15 Glasglow Coma Scale

7. MN Eligibility Criteria 1. Medical Documentation The student’s file must include: Documentation by a physician of a medically verified traumatic brain injury. 2. Functional Impairment The student’s file must include documentation of a functional impairment attributed to the TBI that adversely affects educational performance in at least one of the following: • intellectual or cognitive • academic • motor • communication • sensory • social, emotional, or behavioral • functional skills or adaptive behavior

8. Eligibility Criteria Cont.. 3.Previously Existing Conditions Verification that the student’s impairment is not primarily the result of any previously existing conditions. Indicate that none of the following contribute to a previously existing condition: • visual, hearing, or motor impairments • mental retardation • environmental or economic diadvantage • emotional or behavioral disorders • language or specific learning disabilities • cultural differences

9. Eligibility Cont... 4. Documentation The student file must include documentation of functional impairment through at least one of the following: • checklists • classroom or work samples • documented, systematic behavioral observations • educational/medical history • interviews with parent, student, & other knowledgeable individuals

10. Eligibility Criteria...continued! 5. Documentation The student’s file must include documentation of functional impairment based on at least one of the following: • criterion referenced measures • personality or projective measures • sociometric measures • standardized assessment measures

11. Falls  28% Motor vehicle crashes  20% Being hit/colliding with an object  19% Assaults  11% Others  12% Leading Causes of TBI's according to CDC:

12. TBIs and Sports: Multiple Mild TBI's can lead to more severe stages. Example Pierre-Marc Bouchard, Wild  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8aO6VnZn40&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE5sLZSMXyo With the accumulating number of head injuries in sports many are looking into the science of what goes into a hit and how  damage occurs. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8&feature=fvst

13. cognition memory language attention reasoning abstract thinking judgment  problem solving sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities  psychosocial behavior physical functions information processing speech Regarding educational performance, a TBI may alter:

14. Difficulties It is often "invisible" • People with TBIs in many cases look like everyone else "If Alan were in a wheelchair or had a cast on his leg, people would understand that something happened...no one can see a broken brain." 

15. Difficulties Cont.  People often overlook those with  concussions or  TBI's believing they are only minor. Without knowing that the damage done is actually quite extensive its just the signs haven't shown up or are overlooked. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY19-JI648Q The area effected also changes the treatment method for TBI's The level of severity also is a factor for TBI's in that each has a different treatment and is met with different cautionary techniques.

16. Personal Experiences/Stories Curt Travis Christina Others Group Activity- Curt

17. Resources for Teachers General Resources: TBIED.org Braininjuryguide.org Quizzes to help improve memory: http://www.braininjuryguide.org/quizzes/quizinstructions.html Tools and resources for educators:http://www.youtube.com/watchv=3_B1YJ9EpG0&feature=channel Early injury later in the classroom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeCK_QXqcW8&feature=channel Transition to Adult Life http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XUUyvie6BQ&feature=channel

18. Sources http://www.tbirecoverycenter.org/consequences.htm http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Learning_Support/Special_Education/Categorical_ Disability_Information/Traumatic_Brain_Injury/001752 http://education.state.mn.us/mdeprod/groups/Compliance/documents/Form/000845.pdf https://www.braintrauma.org/tbi-faqs/ http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/lossofnamelessthings/tbi.html Exceptional Learners: An Introduction to Special Education by Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE5sLZSMXyo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8aO6VnZn40&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8&feature=fvst