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Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury. By: Shannon Burnett Kayli Croney Baley Hamm Amanda Oates. What is it?.

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Traumatic Brain Injury

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  1. Traumatic Brain Injury By: Shannon Burnett Kayli Croney Baley Hamm Amanda Oates

  2. What is it? A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term applies to open and closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual , and motor abilities; physical functions; information processing; and speech. The term does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or brain injuries induced by birth trauma.

  3. Causes of TBI Struck by/Against Events (19%)· Struck by/against events, which include colliding with a moving or stationary object, are the third leading cause of TBI· Approximately 1.6-3.8 million sports and recreation related traumatic brain injuries occur in the United States each year. Assaults (11%)· Firearm use is the leading cause of death related to TBI· 9 out of 10 people with firearm-related TBI die· Nearly two-thirds of firearm-related TBIs are classified as suicide attempts Falls (28%)· Falls are the leading causes of TBI; rates are the highest for children ages 0-4 years of age and adults 75 years and older.Motor Vehicle- Traffic Crashes (20%)· Motor vehicle-traffic crashes result in the greatest number of TBI hospitalizations.· The rate of motor vehicle-traffic-related TBI is highest among adolescents ages 15-19 years.

  4. Characteristics • Changes in: memory, problem solving, attention span, and impulses control. • Difficulty with logic, thinking and reasoning • Slower to respond, react and complete activities and tasks • Difficulty focusing attention and remembering • Physical limitations • Inappropriate social behaviors • Frequently puzzled or challenged by grade level work • Never underestimate the potential for growth and development

  5. Statistics TBI contributes to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability.· 50,000 die· 235,000 are hospitalized · 1.1 million are treated and released from an emergency department annuallyAmong children ages 0 to 14 years, TBI results in an estimated:· 2,685 deaths· 37,000 hospitalizations· 435,000 emergency department visits annually * There are a number of people with TBI that are not seen in the ER or untreated are unknown. * Statistics suggest that over 1 million children each year receive head injuries, and over 165,000 of these children will require hospitalization. TBI is the most common cause of death and disability among young children living in the United States. The leading causes of TBI among young children are falls and violent shaking by a parent.

  6. Assistive Technologies • The term "assistive technology" refers to any piece of equipment that helps the disabled move, communicate or otherwise function in their daily lives. Because traumatic brain injury patients can be disabled in any number of ways, including physically, mentally and/or emotionally, assistive technology for TBI can aid patients in eating, hearing, seeing, talking, walking. • Assistive technology can come in many different forms, ranging from simple, homemade devices like indoor ramps to complex electronic equipment like voice recognition programs. Some of the most popular types of assistive technology for TBI include: • Braille readers and embossers • Computer-related equipment and programs (screen readers and personalized keyboards) • Motorized wheelchairs • Sip-and-Puff systems (devices a TBI patient can control through inhalations and exhalations • Vision aides (glasses, contacts and special computer monitors)

  7. TBI in the Classroom • Having a child with TBI may affect speech- therapy .The role of the speech-language pathologist in service provision to children and youth with TBI in educational settings has become blurred with that of numerous disciplines. In view of recent federal legislation, PL 101-476 (IDEA), which designates a new educational disability category for brain injury, this article describes various concerns and assessment techniques that define the role of speech-language pathologists in service provision. • Children who sustain TBI can experience significant cognitive deficits. • May significantly impair their functioning in the classroom, resulting in the need for academic and behavioral modifications • Behavior and social problems can be the direct or indirect result of brain injury • Difficulties paying attention, staying on task, and predicting the consequences of actions may be associated with behavior problems

  8. Strategies for Helping Children with TBI · Remember that children returning to school may fatigue quickly and easily· Adjust schedules to help child ease back into routine.· They will need a highly structured schedule to keep them motivated and on track.· Reduce the amount of reading, writing, memory helpers, and organizers.· Be patient, understanding, flexible and remember that different children with TBI will react differently and have different symptoms.

  9. Accommodations • Become informed, work with the parents to understand as much as you can about the child • Exercise patience and set the student up for success • Allow the student more time to complete tasks and reduce the workload if needed • Activities/tasks requiring the student to concentrate for long periods of time should be avoided • It's important to remember that the student takes a longer amount of time to process information • Be sure to have consistent routines and rules • Keep distractions to a minimum • Remember to assess this student with an approach that will meet his/her needs • The child may require a modified schedule and or a behavioral plan

  10. Great Informational Websites • http://specialed.about.com/od/disabilities/a/tbi.htm • http://main.uab.edu/tbi/show.asp?durki=10072

  11. Works Cited • http://www.brainandspinalcord.org/brain-injury/assistive-technology.html • http://specialed.about.com/od/disabilities/a/tbi.htm • http://lshss.asha.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/2/67 • http://www.brainline.org/content/2008/07/behavioral-considerations-associated-traumatic-brain-injury.html • http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htm • Nancy Hunt- Exceptional Children and Youth, Fourth Edition

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