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Explore the profound impact of the Reformation, from Luther's defiance to the rise of Protestantism and its influence on the modern world. Discover the transformation of personal faith, questioning of authority, and the birth of modern science.
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What is Reform? • To put or change into an improved form or condition • To amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses • To put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action • To introduce or cause to abandon evil ways
Problems in the Church Power competition – Pope vs Kings Nepotism Growing wealth of clergy Sale of indulgences Cult or relics Disengagement from people
Martin Luther Father of the Reformation Personal agony over salvation Scripture alone, Faith alone, Grace alone
Justification by Faith “For all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.” (Romans 3:23-26)
If you are feeling a little distant from God, guess who moved?
Reformer Clergy not necessary – each individual could discover the meaning of the Bible No need for clergy to remain celibate or not to marry Veneration of saints & pilgrimages to shrines & holy places not prerequisites for salvation
Reformer Attacked church’s sale of indulgences Declared the Office of the Papacy the anti-Christ Luther refuses to recant Excommunicated from Church Protected by Frederick, Elector of Saxony
The Spread of Lutheranism Printing Press Translated Bible into German Singing Church (Johann Sebastian Bach) Offered hope and renewal Appealed to commoners, poor people, & nobility
A Protestant Reformation Calvinism/Anglicanism Predestination/the Elect Progressive sanctification Public officials must be “vicars of God” Spread arguments for opposition to monarchy
The Legacy of the Reformation Shattered the unity of Westernworld Questioned authority of Pope/Weakened Church Strengthened power of monarchs& growth of modern state Contributed to growth of political liberty & basis for challenging monarchical authority (right to Revolution if not following God’s laws)
The Legacy of the Reformation Personal faith rather than adherence to Church Individualistic ethic Protestant work ethic
Legacy of Reformation Helps launch modern science & the scientific method “Thinking God’s Thoughts after Him” A rational God & Designer created an ordered universe to study, explore, and unpack for human living The “priesthood of the individual believer”
Legacy of Reformation “People of the Book” pushed education & literacy for everyone Johann Gutenberg: “I know what I want to do: I wish to manifold print the Bible.”