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Background. Factors Associated With High Levels of Preparedness are Well Understood, Based on Extensive Empirical ResearchSame General Principles Apply for All Types of Threats: Natural Hazards, Technological Hazards, Intentional Attacks. General Insights from the Literature on Preparedness. The
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2. Background Long History of Empirical Research in the Social Sciences Focusing on Extreme Event Preparedness
Research Spans Multiple Units of Analysis:
Households Businesses
Public Sector Agencies Networks
Communities Intergovernmental
3. Background Factors Associated With High Levels of Preparedness are Well Understood, Based on Extensive Empirical Research
Same General Principles Apply for All Types of Threats: Natural Hazards, Technological Hazards, Intentional Attacks
4. General Insights from the Literature on Preparedness The Concept of Preparedness is Multi-
Dimensional, Encompassing
Hazard Awareness & Analysis; Priority-Setting
Formal Plans, MOUs, Mutual Aid Agreements
Enduring Social and Institutional Relationships
Resource Acquisition
Training & Education
Drills and Exercises
Methods for Institutionalizing Lessons Learned
5. General Insights: Fundamental Principles Formal Plans Are Only One Element in Comprehensive Preparedness Strategies
Plans Mean Little in the Absence of Other Elements of Preparedness
Preparedness is a Process, Not a Product
Preparedness Efforts Must Be Based on Realistic Assumptions Concerning Social Behavior
6. General Insights: Fundamental Principles Preparedness Requires Collaboration, Not Top-Down Directives—Although Clear Guidance Does Help
Planning Activities Should Be Guided by Those Who Will Actually Carry Out Plans
Efforts Should Be Comprehensive & Inclusive
Preparedness Advocates Must Overcome Constraints, Limitations, Opposition
7. General Insights: Fundamental Principles Preparedness Should Be Risk- and Vulnerability-Based, But Should also Consider Low Probability/High Consequence Events
Preparedness Efforts Must Be Designed in Ways That Help Responders and Victims Anticipate Surprise—e.g. Through Fostering the Ability to Adapt, Improvise, Innovate
8. General Insights: Fundamental Principles Preparedness Efforts Should Have an “All Hazard” Focus, While Also Incorporating Special Considerations Associated With Individual Hazards; Preparedness Activities Should Not Be Organized Around Specific Perils
9. General Insights: Fundamental Principles Preparedness Efforts Must Include Mechanisms for Bringing About Change, Based on Both Simulations and Actual Occurrences of Extreme Events—for Example:
Objective, Independent Performance Assessments
Strategies for Incorporating Lessons Learned, Managing Change
Procedures for Ensuring Accountability
10. START’s Research on Community Preparedness Intensive Community Field Work: In-Depth Interviews, Analyses of Documents, Plus Quantitative Network Analyses
5 “Typical” UASI Cities
Focus on Real World Implementation of HS Programs, Directives
Structure of Local Preparedness Networks
11. Why Networks? Explicit DHS Goal: “Regionalized” Approach
Network Analytic Techniques Reveal Patterns, Such as:
Overall Network Composition: How Inclusive?
Network Centrality: Which Agencies Are Central?
Subnetworks: Specialization
Isolates: Entities Not “In Touch” With Network
Brokers: “Bridging” Organizations, Information Providers
12. Why Networks? Day-to-Day Relationships Tend to Predict Patterns That Emerge During Actual Crisis Events
Comparing Networks Across Communities Should Yield Important Lessons
13. Progress to Date Collected, Analyzed Data to Explore Similarities and Differences Among UASI Communities and to Select “Typical” Sites for Study
Employed Additional Selection Criteria
Initiated Field Work in First Study Site—Greater Denver
14. Next Steps
Carry Out, Complete Field Work
Conduct All Necessary Analyses
Identify Patterns, Compare Communities
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Natural Hazards Center
University of Colorado
482 UCB
Boulder, CO 80309-0482