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Bell Work - 2/11 &17/11. Open your textbook to page 340 & 345. Complete Section 10.1 &10.2 Checkpoint questions. Today’s Agenda. Bell Work Channel One/Current Events Discussion and Notes over Section 10.1 – 10.2 Black History Assignment
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Bell Work - 2/11 &17/11 • Open your textbook to page 340 & 345. • Complete Section 10.1 &10.2 Checkpoint questions
Today’s Agenda • Bell Work • Channel One/Current Events • Discussion and Notes over Section 10.1 – 10.2 • Black History Assignment • Homework – Read Section 10.3-10.4 pages 349 -359
Section 10.1 Objectives • Describe the feeling of national unity that followed the War of 1812. • Explain how Congress tried to strengthen the national economy. • Discuss how Supreme Court rulings supported federal power and economic growth.
Section Focus Question • How was the power of the federal government strengthened during the Era of Good Feelings? • Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court all acted to increase the authority of the federal government.
The Era of Good Feelings • Background: • The Presidential Election of 1816 resulted in a landslide victory for Republican candidate James Monroe. • This defeat led to the fall of the Federalist Party. Within a few years, the party had disappeared. • President Monroe attempted to promote national unity in a goodwill tour of the middle and northern sections of the country.
The Era of Good Feelings • A local Boston newspaper described this new sense of national unity as the “Era of Good Feelings”. • This motto was used to describe Monroe’s two terms in office. • Why do you think the outcome of the War of 1812 led to a sense of national unity? • People felt proud and patriotic because of how the country stood up to Britain.
Building National Confidence Several new members of Congress came to dominate influence from their regions of the country. Henry Clay of Kentucky – spoke for the people of the West who thought the country needed better roads and canals to transport goods from one region to another.
Building National Confidence John C. Calhoun of South Carolina -spoke for the interests of the South. Initially, he was a defender of national unity, but he later put more emphasis on the idea of states’ rights. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts - spoke for the interests of the Northeast. He opposed high tariffs, but later came to support them as a way of protecting industry.
American Statesmen Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun Henry Clay
The Era of Good Feelings • The Second National Bank • The charter for the 1st National Bank had run out in 1811. • Without the bank, the economy suffered. • To restore the economy, Congress established the 2nd Bank of the U.S. • The Bank : privately owned, charter for 20 years, lent money to individuals, and controlled the money supply.
The Era of Good Feelings • What did many Americans believe the federal government should do to improve national unity? • Take measures to strengthen the country’s economy so that all regions prospered and had strong economic ties with other parts.
The Era of Good Feelings • Tariff of 1816Background: • After the War of 1812, British manufacturers resumed selling goods to the U.S. • The British could produce goods cheaper than U.S. manufacturers. • The British began dumping their goods in the U.S. driving American competitors out of business.
The Era of Good Feelings • Congress responded by passing the Tariff of 1816 which placed a tax on foreign textiles, iron, leather goods, paper, and other products.
Clay’s American System Henry Clay came up with a plan that he believed would help the economy in all parts of the country. This plan proposed high tariffs and a federal program of public works. Central to Clay’s plan was high tariffs. He believed that they helped all regions of the country.
Clay’s American System According to Clay, the wealth produced by tariffs would enable northerners to buy farm products from the West and South. The tariff would also provide revenue for the federal government. The federal government could then use the money to build up the infrastructure – roads, bridges, and canals in the West and South.
Clay’s American System • Clay’s system never fully became government policy. • Southerners remained suspicious of protective tariffs. • Clay could not convince them that high tariffs would benefit them in the long run.
Three Important Supreme Court Rulings • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Protected the 2nd Bank of the U.S. • The ruling strengthened the federal government. • The ruling determined that states had no power to interfere with federal institutions. • A state cannot pass any law that violates a federal law.
Three Important Supreme Court Rulings • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) • The Court ruled that the charter of Dartmouth College in New Hampshire was a private contract. • Since the Constitution protected private contracts, New Hampshire could not change Dartmouth's charter.
Three Important Supreme Court Rulings • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Ruled that New York State could not give a steamboat company a monopoly to carry passengers on the Hudson River. • The Court ruled that since the steamboat stopped in another state, it was interstate commerce. • Only Congress can regulate interstate commerce.
Section 10.2 Objectives • Explain why Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. • Describe how Spanish territories in the Americas gained independence. • Explain why the Monroe Doctrine was issued. • Discuss how Canada became self-governing.
Section 10.2 Focus Question How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect new national confidence? The United States signaled that it was ready to take an active role in shaping events in the Western Hemisphere.
Adams-Onis Treaty • Background: • 1817 – the U.S. government sent Andrew Jackson to Florida to recapture escaped slaves. • Jackson attacked and destroyed the Seminole villages. • Jackson seized two towns and forced the Florida governor to leave.
Adams-Onis Treaty • Jackson’s attack on Florida showed that the U.S. could take over Florida at will. • In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. • Spain agreed to sell Florida to the U.S. for $5 million because they realized they could not protect the territory. • The U.S. renounced any claim to Texas, and the boundary between the Louisiana Purchase and the Spanish Territory was set.
Adams-Onis Treaty • The treaty was named for John Quincy Adams, the Secretary of State for the U.S. and Louis de Onis, the Spanish foreign minister. • It was ratified in 1821.
Spanish Colonies Win Independence The American and French revolutions inspired Latin American countries to want to control their own countries. In 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo organized an army of Native Americans that freed several Mexican provinces. Another revolution broke out in 1820 and resulted in Spain agreeing to Mexico’s independence in 1821.
Spanish Colonies Win Independence In South America, Simon Bolivar, often called the Liberator, led an army from Venezuela into Columbia. He defeated the Spanish and became the president of the Independent Republic of Great Columbia. This republic included the modern nations of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama.
Spanish Colonies Win Independence By 1825, most parts of Latin America had thrown off European rule. How do you think the struggles for independence in Mexico, South America, and Central America similar? They all had strong leaders to organize armies; most won their independence from Spain.
The Monroe Doctrine • In a message to Congress in December 1823, President James Monroe stated what became known as the Monroe Doctrine. • The doctrine warns European nations not to interfere in Latin America. • The U.S. would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere with the free nations of Latin America. • The U.S. would consider any attempt to do so, “dangerous to our peace and safety”.
Relations with Canada Canada remained a British colony after the American Revolution. Upper Canada was mainly English and Lower Canada was mainly French. In 1837, both parts began rebellions against British rule. The rebellions were put down, but resulted in the British giving the Canadians more self-government.
