Before the Bell

1. Before the Bell • Find your new seat

2. “The Great War”1914-1918 Chapter 11

3. Vocabulary Sort: Bell Work • Write the following words on the sticky notes and then place them in the correct column on your handout • Keep these out. We will come back to these.

4. Reading Is Fun • Read the question s for the WWI Summary • Read the WWI Summary Quietly & answer the questions • When you have finished reading stand up quietly.

5. “Lets Make A Connection” IMPERIALISM

6. Summary • Rally Round Robin to discuss the questions • Person with the shortest hair will go first. • 1 min for each question. • Please DO NOT move to the next question until the buzzer sounds.

7. “Lets Make A Connection” • SILENT DISCUSSION • How did Nationalism, Militarism, Alliance systems and Imperialism cause WWI? • Think about the definition of each word and how it could cause “The Great War”. • WRITE YOUR RESPONSES ON THE DESK. • Class Discussion

8. Watch John Green Video • What causes the Great War?

9. Tracing Themes- Read the following excerpt from your book and write a short essay on How Imperialism played a major role in the staring of WWI? • Use previous knowledge and make sure you back up your opinion with facts. Make sure to use MLA format for your heading. • In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Britain and France had already built large empires. New industrial powers-such as Germany and the US-also joined the scramble for colonies. Control over colonies often led to conflict between imperial nations. For example, in 1898, France and Britain nearly went to war over colonies in Africa. Also in 1898, the US took several colonies from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American war. In 1905, Japan defeated Russia in a brief war for control of Korea and Manchuria.

10. Homework • Explain the following… • The Bolshvicks • Schlieffen Plan • Treaty of Versailles • Outcomes of the war (3) • WWI ultimately caused ______________________? • Was the “Great War” great? Explain your response. You can rewatch the John Green Video to help you. (google John Green World War I crash course)

11. Summary LET’S READ! • You know the drill. 12 minutes

12. WWI Rap • Memorize the Rap (you will write this on your test & possible recite to the class) • Paste it in your History Notebook on pg. 19 • This is on my website to help you learn it at home.

13. “Preview”- WWI begins • What are the CAUSES of WWI? (World Wide) The underlying causes that created a powder keg in Europe that was ready to explode. • Nationalism-devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation (often caused competition and rivalries) • Imperialism- extending political control over various peoples of the world • Militarism-development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy (wanted a stronger armed force than those of any potential enemy) • Alliance System- friendship system among countries

14. “Preview”- WWI begins • Who was friends with who? What countries fought together? Allies (Triple Entente) vs. Central Powers (Triple Alliance) France, Britain, Russia Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

15. “Preview”- WWI begins • What sparked the keg (Europe), which would lead to the start of the war? • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne • This leads to a domino effect • Austria-Hungry declares war on Serbia • Germany was obligated to support A-H so declared war on Russia and France • Germany invaded Belgium • Britain declared war on Germany and Austria Hungry

16. “Preview”- WWI begins • What happens at the beginning of the war? • Read p. 374&376 (3 paragraphs) • Read for understanding a be able to paraphrase the 3 paragraphs.

17. “Preview”- WWI begins • What is TRENCH WARFARE? • Military operations in which opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield.

18. Fighting in Trenches • James Lovegrave, interviewed in 1993.Life in the trenches was hell on earth. Lice, rats, trench foot, trench mouth, where the gums rot and you lose your teeth. And of course dead bodies everywhere

19. Fighting in Trenches • Henry Gregory of 119th Machine Gun company was interviewed after the war about life in the trenches. • One night, as we lay in bed after doing our two hours' sentry - we did two hours on and two hours off - my friend Jock said 'damn this, I cannot stand it any longer!' He took off his tunic - we slept in these - then he took off his jersey, then his shirt. He put his shirt in the middle of the dug-out floor and put his jersey and tunic on again. As we sat up in bed watching the shirt he had taken off and put it on the floor it actually lifted; it was swarming with lice.

20. Fighting in Trenches • Some of these rats grew extremely large. One soldier wrote: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." These rats became very bold and would attempt to take food from the pockets of sleeping men. Two or three rats would always be found on a dead body. They usually went for the eyes first and then they burrowed their way right into the corpse. One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol: "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat."

21. What is neutrality? The want to not get involved in a war 3,000 miles away. Individuals had different thoughts Why is neutrality questioned? “Preview”- WWI begins

22. “Preview”- WWI Begins Why is Neutrality questioned continued… • US citizens still had ties to the nations that they emigrated from • America’s economic ties with the Allies were far stronger than ties with the Central Powers

23. “Preview”- WWI begins • How do the American people feel about the war at this point? • Majority favor a victory for the Allies but didn’t want to join in on the fight • What is the purpose of the British Blockade? • To stop the passage of German ships carrying weapons and other military supplies (blockaded the German coast) • Eventually this would include food supplies • Why did this anger the United States? • Threatened the freedom of the seas • Prevented American goods from reaching German ports

24. “Preview”- WWI Begins • How did Germany respond to the British Blockade? • A counter blockade by U-boats (German word for Submarine) • Any British or Allied ship found in waters around Britain was sunk • Worst disaster was the sinking of the Lusitania (128 Am. Died) • This angered the US but we didn’t respond with the military • GERMANY REFUSED TO STOP SINKING SHIPS AFTER PROMISING TO STOP WHEN PRESIDENT WILSON ASKED

25. “Preview”- WWI Begins • Who won the election of 1916? • Woodrow Wilson on the slogan of “He Kept Us Out of War” • He beat Charles Hughes in a close race • How would Wilson immediately ,once in office encourage a world of peace? • Asked for all nations to join in a “league for peace” that would work to extend democracy, maintain freedom of the seas, and reduce armaments

26. “Preview”- WWI Begins • Why does American go to war in 1917? • Germany promised to continue to sink ships with the practice of unrestricted submarine warfare • This included all ships in British waters whether neutral or hostile • Wilson was concerned but would wait for “actual actions” before the US declared war • What is the Zimmerman Note? • Telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico • Was intercepted by British agents before it reached Mexico • Telegram proposed an alliance with Mexico and promised that if war with the US broke out that Germany would support them and help them recover lost territory in Texas, NM, and Arizona

27. New York Times May 8, 1915/Ship torpedoed May 7, 1915

28. The Zimmermann Telegram

29. “Preview”- WWI Begins • How did the Russian Revolution play a role in the US entry of the War? • The Russian monarchy was replaced with a representative government • American entry was now a necessity because the war was a war of democracies against brutal monarchies

30. “Preview”- WWI Begins • How did America act to all of these issues? • Wilson believed that the US had to join the war to pave the way for future order of peace and freedom.

31. US Prepares for War Anxious Americas held their breath as the US prepared to enter the war

32. WWI Begins- “Lets Apply It” • Follow the instruction on the Causes of WWI activity sheet. • Complete all parts of the sheet . • Cut out the Word Web and paste it on pg. 20 of your history NB • Cut out the questions and the answers and paste them as well

33. WWI Begins- “Lets Apply It” • Create a chart on pg.22 of your History Notebook and list the two sides during the war. • Also cut out and tape your WWI Rap here. • Paraphrase each line of the wrap

34. WWI Begins- “Lets Apply It” • Follow the instructions on the American reasons for entry in the war activity sheet. • Complete all parts of the activity. • Cut out the chart and the questions and paste it on pg. 23 of you History Notebook

35. U.S. Declares War! • April 2, 1917, Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany • Wilson states “the world must be made safe for democracy.” • April 6, Wilson signs the declaration of war. • Americans begin to fear Germany’s power (economic & military) • America is pushed into the deadliest war the world has yet seen.

36. “Preview”- American Changes the War • Was America ready for the war they had entered? • NO • Only 200,000 men were in the service and few had combat experience • How did the US build an army that would be able to stand up to Europe? • Selective Service Act: • 1917- required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. • By the end of 1918, 24 million men had registered under the act. • 3 million were called up. • About 400,000 African Americans served in the armed forces. • Most in France • Segregated units

37. Camp Upton,Long Island Training Center

38. “Preview”- American Changes the War • How did the US transport food, men and equipment over thousands of miles of ocean? (remember the Germans were participating in SUBMARINE WAREFARE) • Mass production (four crucial steps) • Adjusted the way that ships were created so that they could make them very fast and durable

39. “Preview”- American Changes the War • What are the new weapons used in WWI? • Machine guns- increased to 600 rounds per min. • Airplanes • Poison gas • tanks

40. New Military Technology • The new industrialism meant new advances in the science of warfare • Rapid-firing rifles, improved explosives, motorized Gatlin guns, and enormous artillery pieces, submarines and tanks • Airplanes, poison gas and trench warfare strategies

41. “Preview”- American Changes the War • How did America turn the tide of the War? • A convoy system- put a protection up to allow merchant ships to get back and fourth across the Atlantic Ocean

42. “Preview”- American Changes the War • What did America bring to the Allied forces? • Fresh troops that were enthusiastic about winning the war • Lets explain fighting “OVER THERE” • The American Expeditionary Force (AEL) led by John J. Pershing • Troops came from all over the US and were called Doughboys • Shocked by the unexpected horrors of the battlefield and astonished by the new weapons and tactics of warfare

43. The War at a Stalemate • Why was the war at a stalemate? • Both sides were dug in while engaging in the horrors of trench warfare • During the stalemate, the frontline moved only a few miles for months at a time • Neither side was able to gain ground, thousands of troops were lost on both sides No Mans Land

44. Americans in France 1918, U.S. troops arrive in France in great numbers (General Pershing) American troops had an independent role and also helped British and French troops Strength & Energy of fresh U.S. troops broke the stalemate and turned the tide of the war toward the allies How did the U.S. Entry Break the Stalemate?

45. “Preview”- American Changes the War • How did the US stop Germany from advancing and moving closer to a victory?

46. The War Ends • Germany realized that since the US entry into the war, it could not win • The German Kaiserabdicated his throne • Armistice is reached (Agreement to stop fighting) • The shooting stopped at 11am on November 11th 1918. (11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month)

48. “Lets Apply It” • Research the following and put it on pg. 24 of your notebook • Fill in a web like the one below to show how Americans responded to the war. • Why was the entire population affected by America’s entry into World War I?

49. “Lets Apply It” • Research the following and put it on pg. 25 of your notebook • In what ways did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare? Think about: the casualty figures, new military technology, shell shock • List the new technology used during this war

50. Happy Friday! • Please Pick up a US History Book.