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Understanding Stellar Masses: Insights on Binary and Multiple Star Systems

Learn about different binary star systems such as visual, astrometric, eclipsing, and spectroscopic binaries, and how they help infer stellar masses and other parameters. Explore how stellar masses, temperatures, and radii can be estimated through various observational techniques. Understand the relationship between stellar masses and luminosity in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

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Understanding Stellar Masses: Insights on Binary and Multiple Star Systems

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  1. 0 Inferring Stellar Masses: More than 50 % of all stars are part of multiple systems. a) Visual Binaries: Both components observed directly. Binary Systems b) Astrometric Binaries: Only brighter member can be observed; astrometric oscillations

  2. 0 c) Eclipsing Binaries Inclination ~ 90o In addition to stellar masses,infer relative temperatures and radii

  3. 0 d) Spectrum Binaries Two superimposed, discernible spectra from the 2 stars; periodic, opposite shifts: Approaching star: blue shifted lines; Receding star: red shifted lines Doppler shift → Measurement of radial velocities → Estimate of separation a → Estimate of masses

  4. 0 Time

  5. 0 e) Spectroscopic Binaries Only one star and one absorption line system seen; Periodic Doppler shifts. { 2 Dl → Place limits on the mass of the unseen component

  6. 0 Visual Binaries Basically all parameters can be determined: observer i M1 The Ideal Case a2 a1 M2

  7. 0 Eclipsing Binaries i ≈ 90o sin i ≈ 1 f(M) ≈ M23/(M1 + M2)2

  8. Estimating Radii and Temperatures in Eclipsing Binaries 0 B0 Brightness B Bs Bp tc ta Time t tb td

  9. 0 Masses of Stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Masses in units of solar masses 40 18 The higher a star’s mass, the more luminous (brighter) it is: High masses 6 3 L ~ M3.5 1.7 1.0 High-mass stars have much shorter lives than low-mass stars: Mass 0.8 0.5 tlife ~ M-2.5 Sun: ~ 10 billion yr. Low masses 10 Msun: ~ 30 million yr. 0.1 Msun: ~ 3 trillion yr.

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