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Mesopotamia 3500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E.

Mesopotamia 3500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E. Chapter 2, 3 & 14, 15 Pages 20-25, 42-52, 248-267 & 270-287. Teaching Objectives:. Recognize primary governments in the Middle East, their roles and conflicts Describe Sumerian society and its contributions and influence

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Mesopotamia 3500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E.

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  1. Mesopotamia 3500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E. Chapter 2, 3 & 14, 15 Pages 20-25, 42-52, 248-267 & 270-287

  2. Teaching Objectives: • Recognize primary governments in the Middle East, their roles and conflicts • Describe Sumerian society and its contributions and influence • Identify goods and cultural elements exchanged in its sea trade • Discuss the importance of the teachings of Judaism, Islam and Christianity • Analyze the rise and fall of leaders

  3. Ancient Asia Map Use pages 44, 49, 259 and 261 for locations. Directions: Locate the following by outlining and coloring locations. Identify locations by name or number and use DIFFERENT COLORS for areas adjacent to each other. • Phoenicia • Cyprus • Israel • Judah • Red Sea • Egypt • Tigris River • Euphrates River • Babylon • Mediterranean Sea • Persian Gulf • Lebanon • Baghdad • Jerusalem • Mecca

  4. Timeline • 3500 B.C.E. – Sumerians move into Mesopotamia • 2300 B.C.E. – Akkadian built world’s first empire • 1700 B.C.E. – Hammurabi brought southern Mesopotamia under one rule • 1600 B.C.E. – Hittites destroy Babylon & Rule • 1450 B.C.E. – Hittite kings create a centralized government • 1200 B.C.E. – Hittite Empire invaded • 1200 B.C.E. – Moses leads Jews out of Egypt • 1000 B.C.E. – Phoenicians develop the alphabet • 671 B.C.E. – Assyrians take over Fertile Crescent and Egypt • 562 B.C.E. – Nebuchadnezzar dies & Persian Empire begins its rise • 333 B.C.E. – Alexander the Great conquers Persian Empire • 622 C.E. – Islamic Empire Begins

  5. 1. What two rivers run through the Fertile Crescent? 2. Which two river valley civilizations are shown on this map? Tigris & Euphrates Rivers Egypt & Mesopotamia 3. In what present day country is Mesopotamia located? Iraq

  6. Fertile Crescent Geography • Mesopotamia • “Land between the rivers” • Silt created new land at the gulf Ur

  7. WHAT CHALLENGES DID PEOPLE FACE IN MESOPOTAMIA? 1. Unpredictable floods destroyed crops, homes & people 2. Some areas were marshy and unsuitable for farming 3. This land was vulnerable to attack and invasion

  8. The Sumerians • Organization of City-States • Hierarchy of Power • Supreme Ruler-King • Priests • Nobles • Commoners • Clients Ziggurat in the city-state of Ur (Present day)

  9. Contribution of the Sumerians • Cuneiform – 3000 B.C.E. • Arch • Math • Legal Code • Hammurabi • Major Advance in civilization

  10. Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways • Akkadians • Sargon I – 1st Empire • Babylonians • Hammurabi – Legal Code • Hittites • Excelled in organization of empire • Allied with Egypt = peace • 1st in Middle East to use iron

  11. Lebanon today Destroyed Hittite Empire Decline of Egypt Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways 4. Phoenicians • Canaanites • Division of Labor • Great Sea Traders • Shipbuilders • Navigators • Colonizers

  12. Location and Language • Close to Mesopotamia • Hebrew

  13. The Alphabet • Created to keep records for trading operations • 22 letters • Number system based on 60

  14. Israel today Semitic language - Hebrew Religion – Judaism Influenced Christianity & Islam Old Testament Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways 5. Israelites Judaism • Monotheistic • Bible – gave Moses 10 Commandments • Torah – first 5 books of Bible

  15. Judaism leads to Christianity & Islam

  16. Right and Wrong • What actions does society teach us are right and wrong? • While studying this section, look for values that we have inherited from the Jewish religion.

  17. Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways • Assyrians • Ruthless • Capital: Ninevah • Chaldeans • Led by Nebuchadnezzar • Contributed to Astronomy & Astrology • Last to be influenced by Sumerians

  18. Persians • Ruled by a despot • Treated people humanely • Excellent communication system

  19. Islamic Empire • Followed Muhammad • Last profit of Islam = submission to God • Taught Five Pillars & Koran teachings • Sharia Law • Took over Persian and Byzantine Empires • Both fought and poor treatment of people • People welcomed new government

  20. 750 C.E. - Abbasid Dynasty 1000 C.E. - Seljuk Turks 1250 C.E. - Mongols Invaded Look at the map Pg. 264 Which empire controlled the most territory? Judge the Muslim rule in India between 1000 and 1500 C.E. In terms of well-being of the Indian people, was it positive or negative. Be able to support your positions with evidence from the text. 1453 C.E. - Ottoman Turks reunite Muslim lands 1200 - 1526 C.E. - Delhi Sultanate established

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