Chapter 5 Section 1 –General Understandings:

1. Chapter 5 Section 1 –General Understandings: Why did the British and the French want to control the Ohio Valley? Both wanted to control the rich fur trade. What actions did William Pitt take to turn the tide of war? He sent the best generals to fight in North America and promised to pay Colonists for military service and supplies. Why did the Colonial Assemblies reject the Albany Plan of Union? The Colonists did not want to give up their powers to a central government. After France was defeated, how was its North American Empire divided between Britain and Spain? Britain gained Canada and all French lands EAST of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans The Spanish Received New Orleans and all French lands WEST of the Mississippi River. How did the British defeat the French at the Battle of Quebec? The British troops surprised the French by climbing the cliffs near Quebec and the French troops eventually surrendered.

2. Chapter 5 Section 2 General Understandings 1.What was the cause of Pontiac’s War? The British raised prices of goods and allowed settlement on Indian land. 2. What did the proclamation of 1763 state? It forbade Colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mts. And required any settlers already there to leave and move back east. 3. Why did Britain issue the Proclamation of 1763? Britain wanted to reduce tensions between Native Americans and settlers by preventing British settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mts. 4. How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763? Why? They were angry because some colonies claimed western land and because they had to pay the cost of additional British troops. 5. How did colonists show their opposition to British control of the frontier and the imposition of new taxes? Many Colonists ignored the British ban and settled west of the Appalachian Mts. Colonists protested taxes through: boycotts, protests, violence against British officials, petitions, political organizations, letter writing campaigns. 6. Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act? Britain was deep in debt because of the French and Indian War.

3. 7. What reason did the colonists have for protesting the Stamp Act? Colonists thought the taxes were unjust because of the English tradition of: “No taxation without representation”. 8. How did the American colonists show their anger about the Stamp Act? Colonists protested, tarred and feathered agents; rioted; petitioned King George III and boycotted British goods. 9. What did the Townshend Acts create besides new taxes? Legal documents called writs of assistance, which allowed customs officials to search without a reason. 10. What activities did the Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty organize? Protests, mock hangings, parades, petitions and boycotts. 11. How did the Quartering Acts lead to the Boston Massacre? The British sent soldiers to enforce it and some colonists insulted /attacked soldiers. When the crowd started throwing things, soldiers panicked and fired into the crowd. 12. In what way did the Boston Massacre differ from earlier protests? British soldiers fired into the crowd and 5 Americans were killed 13. How did each of the following demonstrate their leadership: A- Sam Adams-organized protests B-Mercy Otis Warren- wrote plays that spurred people to action C-Patrick Henry-delivered many speeches

4. Chapter 5 Section 3 – General Understandings What made colonists angry about the Tea Act of 1773? American tea merchants were angry that they had been cut out of the tea trade. Colonists objected to being taxed. How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea Party? Parliament passed four harsh laws that came to be known as the Intolerable Acts. Did Parliament’s solution crush the voice of protest in the colonies? Explain. No; the Intolerable Acts caused colonists to join together in continued opposition. How did the Intolerable Acts strengthen unity among the colonies? Other colonies sent supplies to Massachusetts, and colonial leaders organized the First Continental Congress. Delegates agreed to boycott British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed. A- why did General Thomas Gage lead troops to Concord? Gage was attempting to seize colonial arms /weapons and ammunition. B- What triggered the fighting at Lexington and Concord? In Lexington, a shot was fired, and fighting broke out. At Concord, fighting broke out, and as the British retreated, colonists fired at them from the woods.