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Chapter 12: The World of Islam. Section 1: The Roots of Islam Section 2: Islamic Beliefs and Practices Section 3: Islamic Empires Section 4: Cultural Achievements. Pages 350-371. Bell Work 2/26 Define the Following in Chapter 12:. Muhammad Islam Muslim Qur’an Mosque
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Chapter 12: The World of Islam Section 1: The Roots of Islam Section 2: Islamic Beliefs and Practices Section 3: Islamic Empires Section 4: Cultural Achievements Pages 350-371
Bell Work2/26Define the Following in Chapter 12: • Muhammad • Islam • Muslim • Qur’an • Mosque • Five Pillars of Islam • Shia • Sunni • Minaret
The Roots of Islam • The Big Idea • In the harsh desert climate of Arabia, Muhammad, a merchant from Mecca, introduced a major world religion called Islam. • Main Ideas • Arabia is mostly a desert land, where two ways of life, nomadic and sedentary, developed. • A new religion called Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad, spread throughout Arabia in the 600s.
Saudi Arabia is called “the Crossroads” because it lies near the intersection of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Roots of IslamCharacteristics of Saudi Arabia • Desert with Oases • Limited water • Sand dunes (800ft & 100mi) • Scorching Temperatures • Hot dry air • 100 degrees daily (summer) • Sustaining life • Nomads with herds • Sedentary with farms • Caravans and trade routes
Roots of IslamFoundation of Islam • Arabs • Muhammad (story) • Caravan • 25 and 40 • Khadijah • Islam and Muslim (AD 613) • Mecca and Medina • Mosque • Kaaba (shrine) • Allah
Islamic Beliefs and Practices • The Big Idea • Sacred texts called the Qur’an and the Sunnah guide Muslims in their religion, daily life, and laws. • Main Ideas • The Qur’an guides Muslims’ lives. • The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties expected of them. • Islamic law is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
Islamic Beliefs and Practices The Five Pillars of IslamP. 360 • The Qur’an (messages and jihad) page 359 “guides for behavior” • The Sunnah (duties way of life) • Shariah (law) • Saying “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet” • Praying five times a day • Giving to the poor and needy • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan • Traveling to Mecca at least once on a hajj
Islamic Empires • The Big Idea • After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic empires formed–the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal. • Main Ideas • Muslim armies conquered many lands into which Islam slowly spread. • Trade helped Islam spread into new areas. • Three Muslim empires controlled much of Europe, Asia, and Africa from the 1400s to the 1800s.
Islamic Empires • Caliph • Abu Baker • Empires (Europe, Asia, and Africa) • Ottoman Empire • Suleyman I • Byzantine Empire • Safavid Empire • Shia and Sunni Split • Shah • Mughal Empire India • Taj Mahal
Cultural Achievements • The Big Idea • Muslim scholars and artists made important contributions to science, art, and literature. • Main Ideas • Muslim scholars made lasting contributions to the fields of science and philosophy. • In literature and the arts, Muslim achievements included beautiful poetry, memorable short stories, and splendid architecture.
Astronomy, geography, math, and science Writings translated into Arabic Muslim Mathematician Invented Algebra Improved maps Philosophy-Sufism Added to Greek and Indian medicine School of Pharmacy Smallpox (detect and treat) Medical Encyclopedia The Thousand and One Nights (poetry) Minaret Architecture Calligraphy and Patterns no humans or animals in religious art Cultural Achievements
Islamic Examples • Arabic Writing • Prayer Rug • Prayer Necklace • Headgear
