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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism. Hebrew Civilization. Developed gradually after 1800 BCE and flourished until 70 CE People originated in Mesopotamia. Moved to Canaan around 1950 BCE Founders of Judaism – one of the world’s major religions

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism

  2. Hebrew Civilization • Developed gradually after 1800 BCE and flourished until 70 CE • People originated in Mesopotamia. • Moved to Canaan around 1950 BCE • Founders of Judaism – one of the world’s major religions • Origins of Judaism and its basic laws are recorded in the Torah Torah means “God’s teaching”

  3. Sources of Information • Torah = first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible (Christians refer to the Hebrew Bible as the Old Testament) • Archaeological artifacts • Other written records

  4. Important Hebrew Leaders Solomon Abraham Moses David

  5. Abraham • Original name Abram • Born around 2,000 BCE in Ur (Mesopotamia) • Believed in one God • God told Abram “Leave your own country and your father’s house, and go to a country that I will show you” (Torah) • Around 1950 BCE Abram obeyed and went west to Canaan • At age 99 God spoke to Abram again “I will make a covenant between myself and you” (Torah) • God promised to favor and protect Abram’s descendants • Abram agreed that he and his people would be devoted to God • God gave Abram the name Abraham which means “father of many”

  6. Abraham • God tested Abraham’s faith and obedience • God told Abraham to make a sacrifice of his son. • Abraham took his son, Isaac, to a mountain to be sacrificed. • God sent an angel to stop Abraham from killing his son. • God said, “I will make your descendants as many as the stars of heaven.” (Torah) • Contributions • Ancestor of the Jewish people • Introduced the belief in a single God • Covenant became the basis of a code of conduct for daily living and claim to Canaan as God’s reward Click Here

  7. Moses • 1250 BCE found Hebrews living in Egypt as a result of a famine • Hebrews “increased in number and became very powerful.” (Torah) • Pharaoh turned them into slaves • God said “ I will send you to the pharaoh and you shall free my people” (Torah) • 10 plagues followed with Pharaoh telling the Hebrews to leave and then changing his mind. • Finally, after the death of his son, he sent Moses and the Hebrews away • The Torah calls the flight from Egypt the Exodus.

  8. Moses • Received the 10 Commandments on Mount Sinai • Commandments reminded the Hebrews to worship only one God • They also set apart a day of rest called the “Sabbath”. • Other commandments focus on how to treat other people. • Key contributions • Moses led the Exodus out of Egypt • Received the 10 Commandments from God • United the Hebrews into a united people devoted to a single God. Click Here

  9. David • Around 1000 BCE the Hebrews were at war with the Philistines • Philistines promised to be slaves to the Hebrews if someone could defeat the giant Goliath. • A shepherd named David defeated him with a sling and a stone • God chose David to become king • God said “The Hebrew kingdom will remain with him and with his children and his children’s children forever.” (Torah) • David united the two parts of the Hebrews’ land, Judah and Israel into a single kingdom, Israel. • David brought the Ark of the Covenant containing the 10 Commandments to Jerusalem • David established Jerusalem as a holy city Click Here

  10. Solomon • Solomon became king after David died • Built a magnificent temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the Covenant • Solomon told God “Thus all the people of the earth will know Your name” (Torah) • Building the temple required the forced labor of the Hebrews as well as taxes • When Solomon died the people revolted • The northern tribes broke away and became Israel • The southern tribes were known as Judah • Solomon built the first great Temple of Jerusalem Click Here

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