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Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Affordability and Accessibility

This research conference delves into global higher education affordability and accessibility metrics, exploring indicators and data sources for rankings. It aims to define and analyze affordability and accessibility, with a focus on student financial aid.

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Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Affordability and Accessibility

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  1. Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective Student Financial Aid Research Network Conference, Chicago IL 10 June 2005Alex UsherVice-President (Research) and Director (Canada)Amy CervenanResearch Associate Educational Policy Institute

  2. Objectives • Create comparable cross-national data on the affordability and accessibility of higher education • Discuss what is meant by “affordability” and “accessibility” of higher education • Preliminary exploration of links between them

  3. Affordability Weightings Indicator Weightings • Education Costs EC (10%) • Total Costs TC (10%) • Net Costs NC (25%) • NC After Tax Expenditures (15%) • Out of Pocket Costs OOPC (25%) • OOPC After Tax Expenditures (15%) Indicators reflect: • Student cost measures • Role of supports (grants, tax, loans)

  4. Accessibility Weightings Indicator Weightings: • Participation Rate (25%) • Attainment Rate (25%) • Educational Equity Index (40%) • Gender Parity Index (10%) Indicators reflect system • Size: how many go (50%) • Composition: who goes (50%)

  5. Major Data Sources Consulted International: • Eurostudent Project 2000 • ICHEFAP, SUNY Buffalo • OECD database & Education at a Glance 2004 • UNESCO Institute for Statistics • National statistics bureaus and ministries • Student Financial Support (Vossensteyn 2004) • Country specific reports (e.g. Japan’s Education at a Glance 2004, Price of Knowledge 2004) USA: • NCES Digest of Education • 2004 NASSGAP survey • College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2003

  6. Education Costs • Education Costs (EC): tuition and fees • USA EC is weighted by participation in public and private 4 year institutions

  7. Total Cost • Total costs (TC) : EC and Living Costs • The gap between countries narrows

  8. Total Cost Affordability • Per student TC as a fraction of GDP/capita • Ability to pay influences access • Cost data inputs > ATP data scores for rankings

  9. Grants • Average grant per student (as with all supports: G, TE, L)

  10. Tax Expenditures

  11. Loans

  12. Out-of-pocket Cost Perspective

  13. Out-of-pocket Affordability Perspective

  14. Sweden Finland The Netherlands Belgium (Flemish) Ireland Belgium (French) Austria Germany 9. France Italy Canada Australia United States United Kingdom New Zealand Japan Affordability Rankings

  15. Participation • Participation rate of largest 4-year cohort

  16. Attainment • Attainment rate of population aged 25-34

  17. Educational Equity Index (EEI) • EEI described in A New Measuring Stick • Quantifies over-representation of students’ educational background relative to the population • Calculation: EEI = 100* (% of males 45-65 w/ HE) (% of students w/ fathers w/ HE)

  18. EEI Data and Scores

  19. Gender Parity Index

  20. The Netherlands Finland United Kingdom United States Canada Australia Ireland 8. France 9. Sweden Italy Germany Belgium Austria Accessibility Rankings

  21. Global Higher Education Rankings: Affordability and Accessibility in Comparative Perspective http://www.educationalpolicy.org/pdf/Global2005.pdf www.educationalpolicy.org ausher@educationalpolicy.org acervenan@educationalpolicy.org

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