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Chapter 5- The Age of Exploration. How Europeans Saw the World. Most only knew of three continents- Europe, Asia, and Africa. Many believed there were ocean monsters Educated people knew the Earth was round.
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How Europeans Saw the World Most only knew of three continents- Europe, Asia, and Africa Many believed there were ocean monsters Educated people knew the Earth was round
Sailors didn’t have the tools for long voyages. Many left their land,but as soon as they lost sight of land, they couldn’t tell how far they were from it.
It wasn’t until the advancement of technology that nations began to explore. Trade and political events sparked this exploration
Crusades- Religious Wars Christians fought Muslims for control of land they believed to be holy. The crusades took Europeans to the Mediterranean area, northeast Africa, and southwest Asia.
They saw Arab and Italian merchants in control of busy trade centers. Supplies from India, China, and Japan were being traded. Gems, spices, and silk were popular
They believed these fine goods would make life better in Europe. Nutmeg and pepper could be used to slow the meat process so it wouldn’t rot. The printing press allowed for books to be made available to the public. Europeans wanted these things for themselves.
Travelling from Asia to Africa would also open the opportunity to spread Christianity.
The Crusades had not won Jerusalem.But they wanted to crusade on. They believed Christianity was the only true religion, and thought it was their duty to convert people.
Contact between Asia and Europe also let to important developments in shipbuilding and the ability to navigate the journey Even the most experienced sailors did not know what to expect They feared unexpected currents Didn’t know when they might cross into enemy territory
For about 1,000 years Europeans moved with these ships. They could only sail close to land and were often blown off course.
In the Mediterranean these lateen sails became popular. They could catch wind at different angles.
This caravel had a rudder. This brought major improvements in sailing. 1400’s
The caravel was a key factor in launching the Age of Exploration. Caravels went faster and were easier to control
Exploration needed more than just ships What did it need?
It needed tools to show how far they had gone and where they were headed. They used a compass since 1200’s They used an astrolabe to measure latitude. These were only designed to be used on land
They couldn’t measure their longitude Landmarks along the coast allowed them to see how far they had traveled. What about in the open water?
Sailors also had to carry swords, spears, bows and arrows in case they ran into enemies.
Prince Henry of Portugal Originally from England Fought in North Africa against Muslims Lived in Portugal
Muslims controlled a great trading center in Africa where they sold gold and ivory from African lands, and spices and silks from India. Muslims controlled the routes to Asia. The Portuguese wanted these things but didn’t want to pay the high prices. He wanted to reach these areas by sea but HOW?
He organized expeditions. Although some brought him gold and ivory, he wanted one of his ships to go all the way to India
They battled diseases, storms, and attacks, but they succeeded at opening the door to Portuguese trade with Asia
Christopher Columbus- a captain from Italy sailed with Portuguese. He was convinced, after studying maps, that the shortest route to Asia was going straight across the Atlantic
Columbus knew he had to get money in order to make his voyage. He heard the King and Queen of Spain would help him
The King and Queen were eager to begin trade with Asia. So he headed straight across the Atlantic
He reached the Caribbean Islands. He named it San Salvador. He believed he was in India because he saw Indian people
They were impressed so they gave him more money for another journey. They wanted him to form a colony.
He failed to ever reach Asia but built a settlement in Hispanola. He never really knew that he had found a continent new to Europeans
Vasco Nunez de Balboa had sailed to Panama crossed it and realized there was another ocean to cross. It wasn’t until Magellan that someone had completed the first known trip around the world 1522
Hernando Cortes who conquered Mexico and found riches and took them.
Cortes and Francisco Coronado led expeditions to find more gold. They didn’t find any, but Spain began to claim land in Southern N. America making them the most powerful country.
Chapter 5 Lesson 3 French, Dutch, and English Voyages
Problems Despite bad food aboard ships, poor diet, and frequent storms, exploration grew rapidly in the 1500’s. Lack of Vitamin C caused scurvy
Bernal Diaz Basically said exploration was to serve God and to gain wealth
Spanish and Portuguese tried to keep quiet about their travels, but the French, Dutch and English knew they were getting rich. Spain owned south and central America, so others were interested in exploring North.
1524-French sent out their first voyage Giovanni da Verrazano was sent to search or the Northwest Passage to get to China. Landed near what is now N. Carolina
Jacques Cartier- continued to look for a passage to China Ended up finding an Iroquois Village in Canada. Indians taught these explorers how to make cornbread and how to make tea from tree bark to cure scurvy
Dutch Voyages They began to explore more than 100 years after Columbus’s voyages. 1595- sent ships to take over Portuguese trade centers in Asia. 1602- Started the East India Company to manage their growing trade. Expeditions to Australia and South Pacific were paid for
Henry Hudson Sent to North America to find a passageway to Asia to give the Dutch greater control over trade in 1609 he led this expedition Hudson explored the river that was later named after him- The Hudson River in New York He met Indians who were interested in Fur Trading, so the Dutch set this up but didn’t make much money. The Hudson River Today
English Voyages Like the Dutch, the English was late to exploration In 1497, King Henry VII hired John Cabot to explore land and establish trade He ended up in Newfoundland in Canada and had only found salmon and cod but no gold or spices.
1500’s English Problems Battling other nations at home Spain was now an enemy
Sent Sir Francis Drake to raid Spanish ships Went around S. America to the coast of California and back to England He was the first Englishman to travel around the world He only wanted wealth and glory
Impact on American Indians Some explorers became rich off the indian’s gold and silver. They also got fur and fish from Indians
