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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. December 11-13, 2012.

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology December 11-13, 2012

  2. "One of the great consumer questions of our time is:  Will the world accept biotechnology? From a purely scientific perspective, it's an odd question. We already have.  Biotechnology's been around almost since the beginning of time. It's cavemen saving seeds of a high-yielding plant. It's Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, cross-pollinating his garden peas… Our best scientists have searched for risks. Without exception, the biotech products on our shelves have proven • safe." • USDA Secretary Dan Glickman • -- March 1999

  3. Intro to Biotechnology… • What is Biotechnology? • Biotechnology is the use of living things or their products to perform a valuable purpose. • Why is it useful? • Farming, Medicine, Genetics etc. • Who uses Biotechnology? • Scientists, Government Agencies, Companies, Farmers, & Consumer/Environmental Groups

  4. Why should I care? • Allergic Reactions • Impacts on the environment • Future benefits of food biotechnology • Impacts on world hunger • Ethical and Social Questions

  5. History of Biotechnology 8000BC Mesoptomaia Humans began farming and the domestication of animals Selective breeding soon began 500 BC In China, moldy soybean curds became 1st antibiotic used to treat infections 300 BC Greeks develop grafting techniques for plant breeding 100 AD 1st insecticide produced in China- from powdered chrysanthemums

  6. History of Biotechnology 1663 Robert Hooke discovers Cells 1861 Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization and Germ Theory 1865 Gregory Mendal, father of modern genetics, discovers laws of heredity Late 1800’s Luther Burbank (father of plant breeding) developed 800+ new strains of fruits, veggies & flowers Plant breeders crossbreed cotton to create superior growing qualities 1st farmers innoculate fields with Nitrogen 1st experimental corn hybrid- William James Beal

  7. History of Biotechnology 1941 Danish microbiologist A. Justin coins term “Genetic Engineering” Technique involving transfer of a select piece of genetic material from 1 organism to another PROBLEM: We did not yet know what the genetic material was 1944 Oswald Avery- proves DNA is the genetic material Confirmed in 1952 by Hershey and Chase 1953 DNA is discovered to be a double helix structure by Watson & Crick by using data collected from Rosalind Franklin

  8. History of Biotechnology 1961 Marshall Nirenberg and colleagues decipher the genetic code Common origin of life 1970 American microbiologist, Daniel Nathans, discovers 1st restriction enzyme which can specifically cut DNA at a specific recognition site 1972 DNA ligase (links DNA fragments together) used for 1st time 1973 Recominant DNA technology discovered. Inserted a gene from an African clawed toad into bacterial DNA 1978 Boyer was 1st to insert a human gene into bacteria for 1st time

  9. History of Biotechnology 1982 OSU produced 1st transgenic animals by transferring genes from other animals into mice 1983 1st genetically engineered drug was developed Human insulin drug approved by FDA to treat Diabetes 1985 1st genetically modified crops 1986 The EPA approved release of genetically modified crop (virus resistant tobacco plants)

  10. History of Biotechnology 1990 Human Genome Project launched 1994 1st genetically engineered food product gains FDA approval FlavrSavr Tomato 2003 Human Genome Project successfully mapped

  11. Biotechnology Today Agricultural Biotechnology Genetically altered crops Genetically modified animals Environmental Biotechnology Bioremediation Environmental Testing Energy Procurement Materials Science

  12. Biotechnology Today Medical Biotechnology Medical Research Disease ID Genetic Screening Designer Drugs/Vaccines Gene Therapy Tissue/Organ Engineering Forensics DNA Fingerprinting

  13. Biotechnology = BIG $$ $450 BILLION dollars in annual revenues The US accounts for ~ 70% of the Global Biotech Industry Biomanufacturing jobs are among the highest paying jobs in that sector Starting wages of $25,000-$30,000 per year that can grow to $40,000-$50,000 with experience

  14. Importance of Biotech to NC Wetlands Bioremediation or aquaculture Plant and Animal Agriculture Tobacco& sweet potatoes #1 crop Hogs & broilers #1 farm commodities Forest Industry Christmas trees #2 crop Medical Research NC has 3rd largest biotech industry in the nation ~48,897 people

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