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Nutrient Cycles

Nutrient Cycles. The magic of water What is a Nutrient? The Carbon cycle The Nitrogen cycle The Phosphorus cycle The Sulfur cycle. The Magic of Water. Life is watery! 60-70% by weight of living organisms Makes possible chemical reactions necessary for life Promotes neutrality. Polar.

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Nutrient Cycles

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  1. Nutrient Cycles • The magic of water • What is a Nutrient? • The Carbon cycle • The Nitrogen cycle • The Phosphorus cycle • The Sulfur cycle

  2. The Magic of Water • Life is watery! • 60-70% by weight of living organisms • Makes possible chemical reactions necessary for life • Promotes neutrality

  3. Polar 3

  4. Extra OH- H+ + OH- = H2O Extra H+ CS Fig. 3.4 4

  5. Least dense Most dense 5

  6. Polarity The Magic of Water • Life is watery! • Makes possible chemical reactions necessary for life • Promotes neutrality • Sticks together • Holds heat • Large liquid temperature range • Ice Floats! • Evaporation provides cooling mechanism for organisms – Did you remember your deodorant today?

  7. What are Nutrients? • Elements used as building blocks in organic compounds needed to build living cells • C. HOPKINS More basic than vitamins! These are the things vitamins are made of

  8. C H O 8

  9. Similar to CS Fig. 3.12 9

  10. CS Fig. 3.13 10

  11. Energy transfer in sample ecosystem Fig. 3.16

  12. Biomass (with nutrients) transfer Fig. 3.17

  13. Fig. 6.2 Biogeochemical Cycles = Natural +Anthropogenic ANTHROPOGENIC = HUMAN ORIGIN

  14. ATMO- SPHERE SHORT TERM BIOTA 14

  15. Millions to 100’s of Millions Years to Millenia Atmos- phere Biota Ocean Crust LONG-TERM CS Fig. 3.15 15 CS Fig. 3.20

  16. Carbon Cycle (petagrams = 1015 grams) Natural sources = 207 Natural removals = 210 Anthropogenic sources = 6.4 – 7.4 Similar to CS Fig. 3.20

  17. Nitrogen • Main reservoir is N2 in atmosphere • Cannot be used directly by plants • Necessary to build amino acids, peptides, proteins • DNA!

  18. ATMOSPHERE ! BIOTA 18

  19. Nitrogen made available for Life • N2 -> NO2- -> NO3- -> NH4+ -> Peptides and Proteins Or in words: • Gas – Nitrite – Nitrate – ammonium – organic molecules

  20. Case Study: Why trees need salmon; pg 52 • Bears feasting on salmon leave about half of carcass in woods • Scavengers and bears deposit up to 120 kg of N/hectare • Similar to fertilizer quantities added to forest plantations • Nitrogen important nutrient for trees • In good salmon years, rainforest trees grow up to three times as fast • Forest ecosystem needs stream ecosystem and stream ecosystem needs forest ecosystems • Implications for salmon management? Most stocks down 90% and some gone

  21. Nitrogen Cycle (teragrams = 1012 grams) Eutrophication = The addition of excess nutrients to natural waters Anthropogenic = 170 - 445 Natural = 196 - 733 Similar to CS Fig. 3.21

  22. Phosphorus • P necessary for • Nucleic acids • Cell membranes • Energy-transfer reactions • Bones • Teeth • Source: Minerals (soil)

  23. CRUST BIOTA 23

  24. NATURAL CYCLE BIOTA OCEAN CRUST

  25. Phosphorus laid down as fertilizer more than what is delivered through Erosion!! CS Fig. 3.23

  26. Island of Nauru after mining for phosphorus

  27. Sulfur • S important for proteins • Source: Minerals (soil)

  28. Sulfur Cycle in 1012 moles Anthropogenic = Significant! Causes Acid Rain Similar to CS Fig. 3.24

  29. The End. Back

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