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DO NOW

DO NOW. What was the reason China resisted European interaction? Who did the Chinese drive out of their land before uniting under a new dynasty and what was the name of the dynasty?. Chapter 19.2. China Limits European Contacts. Ming Dynasty. China becomes dominant power in Asia under Ming

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DO NOW

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  1. DO NOW • What was the reason China resisted European interaction? • Who did the Chinese drive out of their land before uniting under a new dynasty and what was the name of the dynasty?

  2. Chapter 19.2 China Limits European Contacts

  3. Ming Dynasty • China becomes dominant power in Asia under Ming • Vassal States: states dependent and loyal to another state. • Common forms of payment: military assistance and tribute payments • China expected Europeans to pay

  4. Rise of Ming • Hongwu drives out Mongols (1368) • Becomes first Ming ruler • Reforms agriculture • Increases rice production • Improves irrigation techniques • Encourages commercial crops: fish, cotton, sugar cane • Erases Mongol past, promotes China’s power • Encourages return to Confucian morals • Later becomes tyrant: paranoid of overthrow • Yonglo – son takes over • Launches first voyages of exploration - before Euros • Reasons: show off China’s power and expand tribute system

  5. Zheng He • Admiral: Muslim and Mongol • Leads all voyages (under Yonglo) • Voyage characteristics • Large distances • Large fleets (40-300) • Large ships (400 feet) for treasure • Distribution of gifts which increases tributes • After 7th voyage, China withdraws into isolation

  6. Ming and Foreign Nations • Only government conducted trade • Three coastal ports: Canton, Macao, and Ningbo • Demand of Chinese products increase • China’s industrial woes: • “Commerce” offended Confucian beliefs • Agriculture traditional economy • Christianity • Missionaries accompany Euros • Matteo Ricci – Jesuit gains favor with Ming introducing trigonometry, and astronomy

  7. Ming Decline • Decline due to: • Ineffective rulers • Courrupt officals • No money • High agricultural taxes and bad harvests = starvation

  8. Manchus • Manchuria located northeast of Great Wall • Manchus invade China and Ming collapses • Manchus take Chinese name – Qing as their dynasty • Kangxi first ruler • Rule for 260 years • Expand borders: Taiwan, central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet

  9. China Under Qing • Chinese resist rule of Manchus • Manchus not Chinese • Manchus uphold Confucian beliefs and gain respect • Kangxi • Reduces gov. expenses, lowers taxes • Patron of arts • Qian-Long: grandson rules and increases China’s size and prosperity • Expands Euro missionaries and merchants

  10. Isolation Continues • Chinese rules must be followed • Special ports and paying tribute • Dutch pay tribute and accept rules • Become trading partners • British refuse rules • China is self-sufficient and does not need British

  11. Korea under Manchu • Vassal state of Manchus • Korea • Govt. under Confucian principles • Adopt Chinese tech, culture, and isolation policy • Manchu invasion and Japanese attack prompt nationalism • Evident in art (Korean scenes)

  12. Life inMing and Qing • Agriculture under Qing • Irrigation and fertilizer increase • Rice and new crops (corn and sweet potatoes) • Food increase = population explosion • Favor of sons over daugters • Only sons perform religious rituals • Raise his family under parents’ roof • Females not valued • Many babies killed • Female responsibilities • Field work • Education of children • Family finances

  13. Cultural Developments • Based mainly on traditional forms • Technique valued over creativity • Drama popular • Helped unify society (nationalism)

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