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Social

Social. What changed when your factory “moved” to the city? It became crowded. Immigrants replaced workers and agreed to work for less $

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Social

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  1. Social • What changed when your factory “moved” to the city? It became crowded. Immigrants replaced workers and agreed to work for less $ • What groups of people moved to the city? What was their life like there? Immigrants and rural Americans flocked to the cities where they lived in crowded, unclean, and dangerous tenements. • Why was the Asch Building unsafe for the workers in the Triangle Factory? It had only two narrow staircases. Doors opened inward, not outward.

  2. Social • What were working conditions like in factories? Working people had to endure low wages, child labor, crowded conditions, uncomfortable temperatures, and fire danger. • What were working conditions like in the Triangle Factory? 1.People worked long hours at low wages. 2. Workers were charged for supplies and prohibited from leaving the factory floor to go to the toilet or for a drink. 3. Machines were crowded together. Fire danger was a real problem.

  3. New words • Trade unions- early labor organization that brought workers in the same trade, or job, to fight for better wages and working conditions • KNIGHTS OF LABOR • American Federation of Labor (AF of L)- started by Samuel Gompers. • Collective bargaining- a method for negotiating labor issue in which union representatives bargain with employers on behalf of the union members

  4. Urbanization-more people moving to the city • How many people?

  5. “Dumbell “- tenement or cheap apartment

  6. Because of new material and lack of space.. • Cities group upwards.. So we start to see skyscrapers and elevators

  7. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

  8. 5-Cent Lodgings

  9. Men’s Lodgings

  10. Women’s Lodgings

  11. Working Conditions • Long Hours and Danger Northern wages generally higher than Southern • Exploitation, unsafe conditions unite workers across regions • Work at plant, rent taken from check, wages cut, and strikes violently confronted • Most workers have 12 hour days, 6 day workweeks • Perform repetitive, mind-dulling tasks • No vacation, sick leave, injury compensation • To survive, families need all member to work, including children • Sweatshops, tenement workshops often only jobs for women, children • Require few skills; pay lowest wages

  12. Because of working conditions • We will start to see issues all over the country start with labor… • What is labor?

  13. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  14. Key Labor Revolts 1877 = Great Strike of 1877 for railroad workers protesting wage cuts. • 1886 = Haymarket riot (shorter work day) results in a fear of anarchy and a blow to labor movement. 1892 = Homestead lockout pits Carnegie steelworkers against hired Pinkertons. Ended with assasination attempt against Henry Frick.

  15. Pullman as an example of Labor Unrest • Pullman cut wages and yet did not lower rent on homes or prices on goods at the companies town.

  16. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  17. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  18. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

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