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Understanding mRNA Translation Process

Learn about the process of mRNA translation, including the role of tRNA molecules, ribosomes, and rRNA in reading and transcribing genetic information to synthesize proteins. Discover how amino acids are charged onto tRNA and the significance of the genetic code in protein synthesis.

norman-mayer
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Understanding mRNA Translation Process

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  1. Translation • Need message • mRNA • Need translator molecule • tRNA • Need site • ribosome • rRNA + protein

  2. tRNA • transcribed from DNA • binds to other nucleic acids • binds to amino acids

  3. Charging of tRNA • attaching amino acid to 3’ end • requires specific enzyme • requires energy aminoacyl tRNA:

  4. The Genetic Code • Non-overlapping • one base belongs to one codon only • every three bases “read” as one codon • No “punctuation” • no bases skipped • Special start and stop codons • AUG = start signal • UGA, UAA, UAG = stop signals

  5. Reading Frames 5’ C C G U A U G C G G A A C U C C A U G G G A A G First amino acid in any polypeptide chain is methionine (formylmethionine – prokaryotes)

  6. Ribosome A = aminoacyl site P = peptidyl site Small subunit P A Large subunit P = “donor” site A = “entry” site (E = “exit” site)

  7. P A 5

  8. 5’ CAGGAAGCGAUGGGCUCGACAUGCGA… Shine-Dalgarno Sequence (prokaryotes) or Scanning Hypothesis (eukaryotes)

  9. UAC UAC met met 5’ AUG

  10. CCG CCG gly gly 5’ GGC AUG UAC met | met

  11. AGC AGC ser ser AUG GGC UCG CCG gly met gly met

  12. UGU UGU thr thr AUG GGC UCG ACA AGC ser gly met ser glu met

  13. ACA UGA UGU Release factors thr ser glu met

  14. ACA UGA UGU Release factors thr ser glu met

  15. ACA UGA Release factors UGU thr ser glu met

  16. thr ser glu met

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