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Ch 4 cont’d

Ch 4 cont’d. Creativity – Mental Illness Link. Some argue for a link (e.g., Ludwig, 1999) Others argue the evidence is crap (e.g., Waddell, 1998) Additional Reading: Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity (Simonton, 1999). Wisdom.

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Ch 4 cont’d

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  1. Ch 4 cont’d

  2. Creativity – Mental Illness Link • Some argue for a link (e.g., Ludwig, 1999) • Others argue the evidence is crap (e.g., Waddell, 1998) Additional Reading: Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity (Simonton, 1999)

  3. Wisdom • A link between wisdom, creativity and intelligence? • Is wisdom age-related?

  4. Wisdom (cont’d) Two branches of research: • Commonsense theories of wisdom • Antecedents, correlates and consequences The Berlin Wisdom Paradigm

  5. Sample case study • A 15-year-ol girl wants to get married right away. What should one/she consider and do?

  6. Sample case study • A 60 year old woman has recently completed her business degree and has opened a business within the last three months. Her child is now terminally ill. What should she do?

  7. Case study given and graded • Factual knowledge • Procedural knowledge • Life span contextualism • Concern for universal values • Recognition of uncertainty of life

  8. Characteristics of Wisdom(Baltes & Staudinger, 2000) • Conduct and meaning of life • Knowledge about the limits of knowledge • Superior knowledge, judgment & advice • Knowledge of superior scope, depth • Synergy of mind and character • Used for good of self and others • Easily recognized, difficult to achieve and specify

  9. Information Processing Theory • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

  10. A ‘model’ of these components Attention Sensory capacity Long-term storage Working memory Processing speed

  11. Processing Speed • Information Processing Speed • speed declines with age in adulthood • Tested with perceptual identification tasks and reaction time tasks

  12. Attentional Processes: Inhibition Inhibition • The problem is people get worse at inhibiting irrelevant information (selective attention) • Tested with stroop word task, etc. Red Red Blue

  13. Working memory capacity • Working Memory Capacity • age differences are biggest when the task requires people to coordinate different types of information (e.g., stored and new). • Age diffs in working memory are correlated with age diffs in IQ performance • Tested with reading span tasks, digit span tasks

  14. Summary: Changes • Slower processing speed • Poorer inhibition of irrelevant info • Smaller working memory capacity • Do these changes matter? • ‘micro-level’vs. “macro-level functioning” • “Selective optimization with compensation”

  15. Biological Explanations • Phenomenon • IQ and sensory acuity decline in later life • Explanation • Biological brain deterioration • Data • Plaques and tangles, neurotransmitter levels, structural changes in the brain

  16. Structural Brain Changes

  17. Neuron level changes • White matter abnormalities • Connectivity changes • Shrinkage rather than death

  18. Variability in losses in the brain Occipital Cortex Hippocampus Losses are greatest in the prefrontal cortex, and least in the brainstem Pons Prefrontal cortex

  19. Functional Neuroimaging • Examine activation in the brain during cognitive task performance • Compare small grps of yng vs. old • Work by Cabeza and others has shown: • Older adults use more areas in the brain when performing cognitive tasks than do young adults

  20. What does this mean? • De-differentiation • Compensation

  21. Selective optimization with compensation

  22. Midterm Exam ~25 multiple choice (1 mark each) ~5 sentence answer (2 marks each) ~5 paragraph answer (4-6 marks each) Chs. 1, 2, 3 (p. 109-121), 4. Review questions at end of each chapter!!!

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