Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD

Step Up To: PsychologyJohn J. Schulte, Psy.D.&Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010)

Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception The Chemical and Body Senses: Smell, Taste, Touch, & Position Hearing: From Vibration to Sound Perception Perceptual Constancy and Illusions Vision: From Light to Sight

Vision: From Light to Sight 500 400 300 200 100

Hearing: From Vibration to Sound 500 400 300 200 100

The Chemical and Body Senses: Smell, Taste, Touch, & Position 500 400 300 200 100

Perception 500 400 300 200 100

Perceptual Constancy and Illusions 500 400 300 200 100

1. In its path through the human eye, which of the following is the correct order of structures that light encounters? • A) Lens, pupil, cornea • B) Cornea, lens, pupil • C) Pupil, cornea, lens • D) Cornea, pupil, lens

2. The center of the retina is the _____ and contains only _______. • A) fovea; cones • B) fovea; rods • C) blind spot; ganglion cells • D) optic disk; nerves

3.One commonly seen cause of farsightedness is presbyopia. Which structure of the eye is affected by this condition that worsens as we age? • A) the retina. • B) the sclera • C) the lens. • D) the fovea.

The trichromatic theory of color vision holds that we have cones that are receptive to all but which of the following colors of light? • A) Yellow • B) Blue • C) Green • D) Red

5. Which of the following is not one of the properties of a light wave that influences our perception of color? • A) Saturation • B) Brightness • C) Intensity • D) Hue

6. Which of the following is not one of the structures of the outer ear? • A) Eardrum • B) Oval window • C) Pinna • D) Ear canal

7. Frequency is to _____ as amplitude is to ______. • A) pitch; loudness • B) loudness; pitch • C) pitch; timbre • D) decibels; hertz

8. The _______ has tiny hair-like fibers that are the sensory receptors for sound. • A) ear canal • B) stirrup • C) basilar membrane • D) tympanic membrane

9. Which major theory of how we hear is unable to account for our perception of higher frequency sounds? • A) Place theory • B) Frequency theory • C) Opponent process theory • D) Cochleo-static theory

10. Nerve deafness: • A) is a condition that a person is born with. • B) is caused by damage to the structures of the middle ear. • C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than a rock concert. • D) cannot be corrected by a hearing aid.

11. Which of the following is not one of the five basic human sensory systems? • A) gustation • B) olfaction • C) proprioception • D) vision

12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including, sweet, salty, sour, _______ and ________. • A) wet; rough • B) hot; bitter • C) spicy; acrid • D) bitter; umami

13. The kinesthetic sense involves: • A) a sense of balance or equilibrium. • B) the sensation of pain. • C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other. • D) hair like receptor cells in the semicircular canals.

14. Nociceptors are responsible for receiving messages about: • A) pain. • B) temperature. • C) scent. • D) taste.

15. The vestibular sacs and semicircular canals, located in the ears, work together to aid in which of the following? • A) hearing high and low pitched sounds • B) balance and equilibrium • C) interpreting pain messages • D) recognizing familiar voices

16. The Gestalt principle that suggests human beings interpret visual stimuli according to the simplest possible pattern of the elements is called the law of __________. • A) Wertheimer • B) Prägnanz • C) Good Continuation • D) Parallax

17. When viewing a scene, we automatically separate the elements into the main image and the backdrop, called the __________ relationship. • A) object-scenery • B) bottom-up • C) perceptual grouping • D) figure-ground

18. All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception except: • A) motion parallax. • B) linear perspective. • C) binocular disparity. • D) relative size. • E) texture gradient.

19. 8-year old Marques is trying to put together a jigsaw puzzle, but is having a hard time because he lost the box that it came in. Because he doesn’t know what the final picture will look like, Marques will have to use _________ processing to finish the puzzle. • A) bottom-up • B) irregular • C) retinal disparity • D) top-down

20. Which of the following phenomenon explains why Christmas lights appear to ‘crawl’ instead of flicker back and forth? • A) Induced motion • B) The Phi phenomenon • C) Stroboscopic motion • D) Subliminal perception

21. We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because: • A) it seems farther away on the horizon. • B) it seems closer on the horizon. • C) it seems brighter high in the sky. • D) it seems brighter on the horizon.

22. Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open than when closed, we still see it as rectangular because of: • A) illusory contours. • B) shape constancy. • C) retinal disparity. • D) perceptual closure.

23. The __________ refers to a tendency to perceive objects or situations from a particular frame of reference. • A) perceptual set • B) top-down illusion • C) monocular gradient • D) expectancy heuristic

24. When the Müller-Lyer Illusion was tested in an noncarpentered world: • A) subjects saw but could not understand the illusion. • B) subjects saw the illusion regardless of culture. • C) subjects saw curved lines instead of angled ones. • D) subjects were not fooled into seeing this illusion.

25. What perceptual mistake is responsible for the error that most people make when viewing the Shepard Tables illusion? • A) failing to distinguish figure from ground • B) perceiving a two-dimensional figure as three-dimensional • C) failing to account for the influence of context • D) assuming that each table has four legs when one, in fact, has five legs

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