Take off with history! Welcome to June 1! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition!

1. Take off with history! Welcome to June 1! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1831: A Scottish explorer, James Ross, located the North Magnetic Pole. When a compass is used, the direction to the North is drawn to this point which is really in Canada. What does this imply about using a compass? Cardinal directions: These are North, South, East and West. We use these to orient to locations in relation to other locations. Describe where you live by comparing it to another location. Do this for your state, city and house. American History: Bonus Corner: 1843: Sojourner Truth was a freed slave. She was one of the lucky ones. Instead of Staying where she was, Sojourner became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. What does this choice tell you about this woman’s character? • Who am I? • I was born on this date in 1926. • I played a small town sheriff. • My side kick, in my first series, was playedby Don Knotts. • My “son” in the series is a known director and played in “Happy Days”.

2. Take off with history! Welcome to June 2! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1896: Guglielmo Marconi was an inventor from Italy. On this date, he filed a patent and his invention led to the development of the radio. What do you like and dislike about listening to the radio? Borrower: One who is given money in exchange for a pledge to pay it back, with interest, within a designated period of time. Whatare circumstances in which people often borrow money? American History: Bonus Corner: 1933: A new record flying time was recorded on this date for the journey from Los Angeles, California to New York City:13 hours and 26 minutes. Infer how the world changed at that point with relative “quickness” in coast-to-coast travel. Johnny Weissmuller was born on this date in 1904. He was an Olympic swimmer but his greatest fame was generated by the role he played, swinging through the trees! What role did he play?

3. Take off with history! Welcome to June 3! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1539: Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer who founded what is now Florida and claimed it for Spain. What if the state Had been named after him? Create a few possible names and/or slogans for his “state”. Prediction: What one feels might happen, based on instinct, experience or factual trends. Make five predictions that you are relatively certain will happen in the next five years. American History: Bonus Corner: 1918: It was not uncommon for 10-12 years olds to work long days to earn money for their family. On this date, it was ruled unconstitutional to work such young ones. What impact would you think that had on businesses and families? • Who am I? • I was born on this date in 1808. • I grew up in the South. • I was President of the Confederacy. • My first name is the same as the last • name of one of the founding fathers.

4. Take off with history! Welcome to June 4! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 740 B.C.E.: The Chinese record that a solar eclipse had occurred. Imagine their fear and concern. Write a note to your family (in English, of course!) as if you were that original observer. Discount rate: The amount, usually in percentages, that prices are reduced. Where do you go to find the best discounts? Where do you find great value without discounts? American History: Bonus Corner: 1892: The Sierra Club is founded. John Muir, the founder, did much to promote the preservation of wilderness and natural wonders. What are the five most fabulous natural sites you have personally seen? What famous natural wonder is pictured at the right? Where is it located?

5. Take off with history! Welcome to June 5! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1933: Italian musician Arturo Toscanini Was invited to a German music festival but he already had little respect for the Nazis and so he boycotted it . What is meant by the term boycott? Impeach: To remove a person from office for crimes that are deemed too serious to continue in office. This is a process that is Available to the American people in regards to the president. Why do you think that this action is rarely used? American History: Bonus Corner: 1968: Robert “Bobby” Kennedy is assassinated on this date. He was beloved by many; additionally he was well respected by majority and minority groups. America was quite turbulent at this time: we were in a war that not all Americans believed in and there had been another assassination recently. What war and who was killed? “Creativity is piercing the mundane to find the marvelous.”Bill Moyers, author of this quote, is an American journalist and was born on this date in 1924. What does he mean by this view?

6. Take off with history! Welcome to June 6! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1683: The first university museum opened on this date at Oxford University. Many museums populate our world these days. Describe the best museum you have ever been to and list museums you hope to visit some day. Ethnicity: Having to do with race. Often, statistics are compiled in which race is an element in the survey. It enables researchers to see if some groups are impacted more or less by the data they seek. Why would that be important? American History: Bonus Corner: 1816: June is often nearing the heat of summer but not for New England in this year. They had 10 inches of snow! Describe the craziest weather you have ever experienced. Nathan Hale, born in this date in 1755, once stated, “I regret that I have but one life To give for my country.” What does that imply of his priority? Is his priority the same or different than yours? Explain.

7. Take off with history! Welcome to June 7! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1893: Gandhi was a powerful, positive force in ending unfair treatment in his native India but his first act of battling discrimination was in South Africa in this year. He was a lawyer and spent his life fighting injustice. What would you fight if given the chance to make this world better? Interdependence: When two persons or countries rely on each other. Who do you rely on? Who relies on you? American History: Bonus Corner: 1864: Abraham Lincoln began his second term as president and within the year, would be assassinated. Share your favorite story of our 16th president. “I felt that I had to write. Even if I had never been published, I knew that I would go on writing, enjoying it and experiencing the challenge.”Gwendolyn Brooks was an American poet born on this date in 1917. Describe how you feel about writing, what you enjoy and what you need to improve on.

8. Take off with history! Welcome to June 8! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 632: Muhammad ibnAbdallahdied on this date. He was born in 570 and founded the religion of Islam. Muslims, believers in Islam, still practice his methods of treating others with kindness. What things do you do that show you respect others? Delegated powers: Powers given to the federal government, such as coining money, declaring war and making treaties. Why would the federal government be assigned to do these jobs instead of the states? American History: Bonus Corner: 1906: Who has power? Many do! Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle, forced the government to begin inspecting meat packaging plants after his book described the awful conditions. What do you think the government needs to do something about right now? Frank Lloyd Wright, born on this date in 1867, was innovative in his housing designs. What do you like and/or dislike of this design sketch?

9. Take off with history! Welcome to June 9! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1898: China leases Hong Kong to Britain for 99 years. Hong Kong has now been reunited with China. Imagine why they established a 99 year agreement. Create a plausible scenario how this treaty came about. Producer: Creator of goods for the market place. If you had the talent to do so, what would you like to produce? (this could be something you grow or build!) American History: Bonus Corner: 1869: Charles Hires sells, for the first time, root beer. Soda has been popular for decades but we now have many other choices. What are your top 3 beverage choices that are NOT soda? • Who am I? • I made my debut on this day in 1934. • I am quite animated! • I am fowl by nature. • I was loved by Walt Disney! • I had 3 crazy nephews.

10. Take off with history! Welcome to June 10! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1944: Many tragedies occurred during World War II, but on this date the French town of Oradour-sur-Glane ceased to exist – the men were killed, the women and children were locked in the church which was then set on fire-1 of the 700 people survived. If you were the survivor, share you feelings. Restricted trade: Limiting trade between countries. This designation is often during times of war and tension. When would this be a good choice and when would it punish the restricting country? American History: Bonus Corner: 1752: A shocking day for Ben Franklin, as we all know! His kite flying adventures led to the discovery of electricity. Remember a time when the power went out. What did you miss most without electricity? “Either write something worth reading or do something worth writing.”Benjamin Franklin coined this statement. Are you a writer or a doer? Explain your choice!

11. Take off with history! Welcome to June 11! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1644: The barometer was invented. This invention assisted everyday man to predict or anticipate weather patterns and change. Do you think a barometer is now obsolete? Explain why or why not. Socialism: A governmental style in which the production of all is shared by all. Taxes are high but also, services have little or no cost (such as medical, dental, etc.) What are the disadvantages and advantages of this type of system? American History: Bonus Corner: 1927: Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a hero’s welcome in Washington D.C. and his speech encourages the construction of many more airports. What is the most interesting airport you have ever been to or read about? • What was discovered on this date? • The year was 1859. • It was called the Comstock Lode. • It revolutionized the town of Virginia City. • It happened in Nevada.

12. Take off with history! Welcome to June 12! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1938: The dikes and dams holding back the Yellow River in China break and the ensuing flood killed 150,000 people. Imagine your community or one nearby that has about that many people. Describe the impact. Topographical: Style of map in which elevation and natural features are clearly marked. This type of map is great for hiking and inferring what the countryside might look like. Describe the topography of where you live. American History: Bonus Corner: 1776: The Declaration of Rights is adopted which later evolved into the Declaration of Independence. In 2016, it will be 240 years. What might you do to celebrate? • Who am I? • I was born on this date in 1929. • I lost my life in my teens. • I had to hide and be quiet for long periods of time. • I wrote of my experiences in the secret annex.

13. Take off with history! Welcome to June 13! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1909: Ernest Shackelton returns to England After 2 years in Antarctica, reaching the magnetic south pole in record time. Most importantly, he returned safely. Make a list of all of the things that could force an expedition to Antarctica to end in disaster. International dateline: The position, 180 degrees west or east of the Prime Meridian, where the time changes either to the day before or after. Can we really go back in time? Explain. American History: Bonus Corner: 1868: The 14th amendment is passed and not only are rights extended to African Americans but they are severely restricted for those who fought for the South. A civil war is a devastating occurrence. What makes it worse than wars with other countries? “There are no strangers here; Only friends you haven't yet met.”William Butler Yeats penned this quote, born on this date in 1865 in Ireland. If we all adopted this philosophy, how would this world change?

14. Take off with history! Welcome to June 14! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1982: Argentina, in the battle over the Falkland Islands, surrenders to Britain. What do you think was the reason that each group (Argentina and Britain) felt they had the right to the Falklands? World commerce: Trade on an international level. What is the value of trade throughout the world? American History: Bonus Corner: 1642: Don’t you love going to school? The first laws requiring school attendance in America were passed on this date. Why do you think education is required? “Many will call me an adventurer - and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who risks his skin to prove his platitudes.”CheGuevara was a Latin American revolutionary who was born in this date in 1928. What do you think he meant by this quote?

15. Take off with history! Welcome to June 15! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1215: The Magna Carta is signed on this day. This was one of the first most significant documents in history. It established power but with limits. What is the consequence of power without limits? Presidential system: A format in which the president is in charge of the country but a separate group (the legislative branch) forms the laws of the nation. Why do you think it was set up so that both of these pieces existed? American History: Bonus Corner: 1775: George Washington is named commander of the revolutionaries. It became his job to train and organize them into a force to be reckoned with. He obviously got the job done. What challenges did he probably face along the way? In 1864, Arlington Cemetery was created to inter the bodies of those who died during the Civil War. What makes this Image powerful?

16. Take off with history! Welcome to June 16! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1963: The first woman to go to space was Valentina Tereshkova of the Soviet Union. She was also a parachute enthusiast and that was the element that brought the Soviet space program to look at her for space travel. Would you ever go parachuting? Share why or why not. Fiscal policy: The acquisition and spending plan of a government. We are currently in a lot of debt. How could the government change in order to lessen the debt? American History: Bonus Corner: 1884: The first roller coaster opens at Coney Island, a beachside amusement park. It was located outside of New York City. You are a newspaper reporter visiting Coney Island and you interview one of the first riders. Describe their experience and reactions. In 1858, Abraham Lincoln said: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” What did this statement refer to?

17. Take off with history! Welcome to June 17! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1944: Iceland becomes independent from Denmark. Where is Iceland located and why would it be hard for the Danes to govern it? Great Basin: An area in the Western U.S., mostly in Nevada, in which the water runoff does not end up at the ocean. What kind of climate does Nevada have? Does this factor (no runoff path) make a difference? American History: Bonus Corner: 1885: The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York as a gift from France. The head is 10 feet wide and the arm with the torch is 42 feet long. Why do you think this has become such an important symbol? • Who am I? • I crossed the Atlantic in 1928. • I flew by myself and because I was female, people were amazed. • I also flew across the Pacific three years later. • I was eventually lost and still have not been officially located.

18. Take off with history! Welcome to June 18! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1746: Samuel Johnson, a Brit by birth, is contracted to write a dictionary. He ends up including 40,000 words. What is your favorite word to say? What is the longest word you can spell? Desert Archaic People: The earliest human dwellers of the western United States. What groups of people inhabited your state first? What evidence exists of their culture? American History: Bonus Corner: 1873: What did Susan B. Anthony attempt to do in this year in which she was fined $100 dollars (a fine she never paid!)? • Who am I? • I was born on this day in 1942. • I was part of a popular musical group of the 60’s and 70’s. • My first group’s name sounded like an insect! • I was knighted by the Queen of England!

19. Take off with history! Welcome to June 19! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 240 B.C.E.: Eratosthenes, a Greek geographer and mathematician, first estimated the earth’s circumference. Surprisingly, it was quite accurate. Why do you think so many of the Ancient Greeks had insights into some of the more complex elements in our world? Benefit: The advantage or plus side. Often, national decisions are determined by the percent that will benefit. What are the benefits of being a citizen of the United States? American History: Bonus Corner: 1862: Slavery is officially outlawed in the United States. The United States went on to fight for three more years in ensure that this decision was enforced. List 6-8 reasons why slavery is wrong. What are the five largest lakes in the world? Try to name at least three. (three are in the U.S.)

20. Take off with history! Welcome to June 20! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1900: The Boxer Rebellion begins in China. This was an effort to rid China of foreigners. many lives were lost. Why do you think the Chinese feared foreigners? Implied powers: Powers given to Congress which are not necessarily stated in the Constitution but are logical in light of the intent of the law. Why do you think Congress is given this level of freedom? American History: Bonus Corner: 1782: The Great Seal of the United States was approved. The quote on it, translated from Latin, was “Out of many, one.” What does that expression imply about the United States? What might the other elements of the Great Seal symbolize?

21. Take off with history! Welcome to June 21! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1633: Galileo, famed Italian astronomer, verbally supported the theory that the sun was the center of the our solar system. He was commanded, by the Inquisition (a church group), to cease this discussion. Why do you think the church feared knowledge? Per capita: The average income of all persons living in a country. This indicator can show the wealth (or the lack of) for countries around the world. Predict which countries would have a high average and which might have a low average. American History: Bonus Corner: 1834: Cyrus McCormick revolutionized harvest by patenting his reaping machine. his machine simplified and shortened harvest time. What would be the value of such a machine? What might be the drawbacks? • What event happened on this day? • It was an important document. • The year was 1788. • It needed to be approved by the majority of states. • It provided a framework for our • government and laws.

22. Take off with history! Welcome to June 22! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1933: Adolf Hitler organized Germany into one party. In America, we have two major parties (Democrats and Republicans) with a number of smaller parties. What plusses and minuses are obvious from Hilter’s plan? Recession: A slowing or reversal of economic growth. This is a time period when less money is made and jobs may be harder to find. What are ways that you and your family use when there is less money coming in? American History: Bonus Corner: 1839: Chief Major Ridge and his son, John, were Cherokee. They signed a treaty for their tribe to transfer land to the United States and since only 100 of the 18,000 Cherokee approved of this, they were killed. Was this fair or not? Defend your position! “It takes as much courage to have tried and failed as it does to have tried and succeeded.”Anne Morrow Lindbergh, born on this date in 1907. Do you agree with her?

23. Take off with history! Welcome to June 23! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1956: How popular was the newly elected (and first) Egyptian president? Very! He received 99.95% of the vote. He made tremendous strides in all areas and was respected worldwide. What characteristics would be necessary to have worldwide respect? Map elements: Those parts that are found on most maps. These might include title and legend. Find a map in your classroom. What other elements do you see that are often present on other maps? American History: Bonus Corner: 1868: The typewriter is invented. Now, very few people use them anymore since they can do most things on a computer. You represent the “Discarded Typewriters Union”. Write a persuasive paragraph on the value of the typewriter. What was my claim to fame? I was born in Belgian in 1814. I loved music! I was also an inventor. I invented something for a band. My name was Antoine Sax.

24. Take off with history! Welcome to June 24! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1894: An international committee agrees to resume the Olympic Games. What events do you like to watch the most? (Include Summer and Winter games!) Goods: Products for sale. If you could be any kind of merchant you wanted to be (a seller of goods), what would you most enjoy selling? American History: Bonus Corner: 1900: Oliver Lippincott drove his car. He made history, being the first person to drive to a national park (Yosemite) instead of taking a bus or train. What national parks have you driven to? Ambrose Bierce once said: “To be positive is to be mistaken at the top of one’s voice.” Describe a time when you were sure you were right, only to discover you were in error.

25. Take off with history! Welcome to June 25! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1950: The Korean War begins when the troops from the North take aggressive action. Korea is a peninsula. What American state is also a peninsula? Market: The exchange of goods. America has an active marketplace in which goods trade hands and often are then exchanged again. What market- place do you shop at most? American History: Bonus Corner: 1876: In the Battle of The Little Bighorn, Sioux Indians defeated the United States troops. Who was the leader who led his men into battle and none survived? In 1938, the federal government raised minimum wage. What was the new Amount? $.35 $.40 $1.00 $1.25

26. Take off with history! Welcome to June 26! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1541: What goes around, comes around! Pizarro arrived at the Incan capital of Atahualpa and killed the Incan king. On this date, with his own men feuding, he was killed. Where was the Incan civilization located? Renewable resource: A item that can be produced again over time. These items might include wood and solar power. What is a resource that is not renewable? American History: Bonus Corner: 1797: You would think inventing a plow would be popular with farmers but when Charles Newbold invented an iron plow, The farmers were concerned about its impact on the soil. How do we, today, show concern for our natural resources? • Who received an honorary doctorate on this date in 1907? • He was a well known author. • His real name was Samuel Clemens. • He wrote stories of life on the Mississippi, especially about Huck and Tom.

27. Take off with history! Welcome to June 27! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1954: The good news and the bad news: In this year, the first nuclear power plant opened. 25 years later, a meltdown spread toxicity throughout the countryside. What might be the “fallout” with those living near by? Monetary trade: Exchange in which coins and currency are used. What are other methods besides using money that goods can be exchanged? American History: Bonus Corner: 1846: Joshua Slocum is a great sailor! He Sailed, by himself, completely around the world. He went 46,000 miles. What might be difficulties he would face? • Who am I? • I was born on this day in 1880. • I was born blind and deaf. • I had a fabulous teacher, Annie Sullivan, who helped me “see”. • I learned to read and write.

28. Take off with history! Welcome to June 28! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1914: Today marked the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, to death and World War I was on. What makes war so global, even if not all countries are involved? Suburbanization: The development of communities outside of a major city. When cities first developed, the most prominent people lived downtown. Now, most chose to live in the outskirts. Why do you think that change occurred? American History: Bonus Corner: 1894: America has always loved its workers. On this day, the day to honor the working public, was created. It is celebrated every September. What is the name of the holiday? “The War to end all Wars” was said about World War I but unfortunately, we had a second world war. What do you think this statement was meant to imply?

29. Take off with history! Welcome to June 29! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1613: The Globe Theater burns to the ground during a performance of Shakespeare’s Henry the VIII. Fire was much more common then. Why do you think that was true? Free trade: Bartering without restrictions. Trade without restrictions is good most of the time but if one group is quite large and they dominate the market, the smaller groups don’t stand a chance. What is good about free trade? American History: Bonus Corner: 1776: Mission Dolores is established in this year. The city that later grew up in this location was San Francisco, California. List at least five things you know about San Francisco or California. William Mayo, born in 1861 and co-founder of the Mayo Clinic, once said: “The aim of medicine is to prevent disease and prolong life, the ideal of medicine is to eliminate the need of a physician.” Do you think this could ever be possible? Please explain your thinking.

30. Take off with history! Welcome to June 30! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History: Word of the day: 1837: Finally the British banned the use of a pillory (a hinged board in which the head and hands show through). What would you like to see banned that is currently used in modern times, here or In the world? Land use: The system in which property is defined by how it can by used. It could be designated commercial (you could have a business) or residential (you could build a home). Why do you think cities separate commercial from residential? American History: Bonus Corner: 1859: Niagara Falls is actually three waterfalls in one. It is incredibly powerful! In this year, a Frenchman stretched a line and then walked across the falls. He now wants you to try. Describe you self pep talk (or clever words to avoid certain death!) Lena Horn, an American actress born on thisday in 1917, once said:“It’s not the load that breaks you down, it’s the way you carry it.” What did she mean by these words?