Woodrow Wilson

2. Woodrow Wilson President of Princeton University (1902–1910) governor of New Jersey (1911–1913) twenty-eighth president of the United States (1913–1921) creator of the League of Nations. Born in Staunton, Virginia Father: Joseph Ruggles Wilson - Presbyterian Minister.Mother: Janet "Jessie" Woodrow Wilson.Siblings: two sisters and one brother.Wife: (1)Ellen Louise Axson - Daughter of a Presbyterian minister. She died in the White House on August 6, 1914. (2)Edith Bolling Galt - Married on December 18, 1915 while President.Children: Three daughters by first marriage - Margaret Woodrow Wilson, Jessie Woodrow Wilson, and Eleanor Randolph Wilson.

3. Becoming the President - 1912: • Wilson desired to be nominated for the presidency and campaigned for the nomination. He was nominated by the Democratic Party with Thomas Marshall as his vice president. He was opposed not only by incumbent President William Taft but also by Bull Moose candidate Theodore Roosevelt. The Republican Party was divided between Taft and Roosevelt which meant that Wilson easily won the presidency with 42% of the vote. Roosevelt had received 27% and Taft and won 23%. • Election of 1916: • Wilson was renominated to run for the presidency in 1916 on the first ballot along with Marshall as his Vice President. He was opposed by Republican Charles Evans Hughes. At the time of the election, Europe was at war. The Democrats used the slogan, "He kept us out of war," as they campaigned for Wilson. There was much support, however, for his opponent and Wilson won in a close election with 277 out of 534 electoral votes. • Post-Presidential Period: • In 1921, Wilson retired in Washington, D.C. He was very sickly. On February 3, 1924, he died of complications from a stroke.

4. Woodrow Wilson played a huge role in determining if and when America would get involved in World War I. He was an isolationist at heart who attempted to keep America out of war. However, with the Lusitania, the continued harassment of American ships by German submarines, and the release of the Zimmerman Telegram, America would not be held back. Wilson fought for the League of Nations to help avert another World War which won him the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize.

5. Impact

6. 14 points • Given on January 8, 1918. • Declared that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe. • Points 1-5 attempted to eliminate the immediate causes of the war: imperialism, trade restrictions, arms races, secret treaties, and disregard of nationalist tendencies. • Points 6-13 attempted to restore territories occupied during the war and set post-war boundaries, also based on national self-determination. • In the 14th Point, Wilson envisioned a global organization to protect states and prevent future wars.

7. The main ideas were Reducing the chance or severity of future wars by reducing arms Nations to settle disputes diplomatically instead of by war Increased international trade, increased freedom of people Safety in international travel & trade

8. The first five points dealt with general principles: Point 1 renounced secret treaties; Point 2 dealt with freedom of the seas; Point 3 called for the removal of worldwide trade barriers; Point 4 advocated arms reductions and Point 5 suggested the international arbitration of all colonial disputes. Points 6 to 13 were concerned with specific territorial problems, including claims made by Russia, France and Italy. This part of Wilson's programme also raised issues such as the control of the Dardanelles and the claims for independence by the people living in areas controlled by the Central Powers.