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English 350/355. Wednesday, February 19, 2014 Melissa Gunby. Freewrite !. If you could invite four people (living or dead) to a dinner party, whom would you invite? Name your guests and write a little about the topics you would discuss or questions you would ask.
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English 350/355 Wednesday, February 19, 2014 Melissa Gunby
Freewrite! If you could invite four people (living or dead) to a dinner party, whom would you invite? Name your guests and write a little about the topics you would discuss or questions you would ask.
Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices Grammar Review
Chapter 25 (page 471) Finding and Correcting Sentence Fragments (frag)
Fragments • A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence – a clause or a phrase—that is punctuated as if it were a sentence. • Common fragment errors: • Missing a subject • Missing a verb • Missing a subject and verb • Being an incomplete thought
Please do practice 25-1 on page 473. Just mark each item as a fragment (F) or sentence (S)
Missing a subject • He packed his books and papers. And also took an umbrella. • correct: He packed his books and papers and also took an umbrella • Why don’t we need a comma in this sentence? • Correct: He packed his books and papers. He also took an umbrella.
Phrase Fragment (pp 477) • A phrase is a group of words that is missing a subject, a verb, or both. • Usually, phrase fragments can be corrected by attaching it to the sentence that comes right before it. • He decorated the room in his favorite colors. Brown and black. • He decorated the room in his favorite colors, brown and black • A balanced diet should include high-fiber foods. Such as leafy vegetables, fruits, beans, and whole –grain bread. • A balanced diet should include high-fiber foods, such as leafy vegetables, fruits, beans, and whole-grain bread.
Cont (478) • Prepositional fragments will be a prepositional phrase. • She promised to stand by him. In sickness and in health. • Correct: she promised to stand by him in sickness and in health. • Infinitive fragments will contain the infinitive form of the verb and can’t stand alone as a sentence. • Eric considered dropping out of school. To start his own business. • Correct: Eric considered dropping out of school to start his own business • Also correct: Eric considered dropping out of school. He wanted to start his own business.
Please practice • Working on your own or with a partner, do the first half of practice 25-4. Identify the fragments. Then, as a class, we will re-write the paragraph.
-ing fragments (481) • -ing verbs, words that end in ING cannot be main verbs; they require a helping verb. Frequently, we begin sentences with –ing verbs and get sentence fragments because they are incomplete thoughts. • The twins are full of mischief. Always looking for trouble. • Correct: The twins are full of mischief, always looking for trouble. • Also correct: The twins are full of mischief. They are always looking for trouble.
Dependent Clause Fragments (484) • Dependent clauses that are not completed by ICs are fragments, because they are not complete thoughts. The sub (or transition word) make them fragments. • After Simon won the lottery. • After Simon won the lottery, he quit his job. • Although Marisol had always dreamed of visiting America. • Although Marisol had always dreamed of visiting America, she did not have enough money for the trip until 1985.
You also have to watch out for relative pronoun dependent clauses • Novelist Richard Wright, who came to Paris in 1947. • Novelist Richard Wright, who came to Paris in 1947, spent the rest of his life there. • A quinceañera, which celebrates a Latina’s fifteenth birthday. • A quinceañera, which celebrates a Latina’s fifteenth birthday, signifies her entrance into womanhood. • A key World War II battle that was fought on the Pacific island of Guadalcanal. • A key World War II battle that was fought on the Pacific island of Guadalcanal took place in 1943.
Another trick • Try adding “it is true that” in front of a sentence that you think may be a fragment. A complete sentence will make sense; a fragment will not.
Fragment triggers • Look out for the following. They almost always trigger a sentence fragment: • Beginning a sentence with “for example.” • Beginning a sentence with a gerund (-ing) form verb • Beginning a sentence with a subordinating conjunction (however, because, although) • These are words used to set up dependent clauses, which cannot function as sentences without the support of an independent clause.
One Last Practice • Please do the first 5 of practice 25-11. You may work alone or with a partner. • I then need 5 volunteers to put their work on the board.
Homework • Read pages 18-37 in Of Mice and Men. • Complete the reading journal • Complete the vocabulary handout • Be prepared to discuss the book in class next week.
