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THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS. BY John , Richard , And Emma. Chip And Pin.
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THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS BY John , Richard , And Emma
Chip And Pin • Chip and pin can be defined as system for verifying that the bearer of a debit card or credit card is the owner, involving cards that contain a silicon chip storing the PIN of the card; the bearer confirms he is the owner of the card by inserting it into a machine and entering the PIN, which is compared with the one stored on the chip. • Retrieved fromhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chip_and_PIN
How it works • To solve this, banks and retailers are replacing traditional magnetic stripe equipment with smartcard technology, where credit/debit cards contain an embedded microchip and are authenticated automatically using a PIN. When a customer wishes to pay for goods using this system, the card is placed into a "PIN pad" terminal (often by the customer themselves) or a modified swipe-card reader, which accesses the chip on the card. Once the card has been verified as authentic, the customer enters a 4-digit PIN, which is checked against the PIN stored on the card; if the two match, the transaction completes. THE FIGURE 1 SHOWS THE MACHINE AND A CARD THAT IS IN WORKS Figure 1
Investigate cases when chip and pin technology has been used for theft • According to a this is London article (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23532227-now-gangs-are-using-chip-and-pin-technology-to-steal-customers-bank-details.do) • Various Criminals have come up with a new fraud targeting the chip and PIN cards used by shop and petrol station customers across the country. • They are stealing card-reading machines, taking them apart and installing devices which record card numbers and Pins, before returning them to the store. • In some cases, detectives fear the installed devices are so hi-tech that they can transmit customers' card details to a mobile phone. • Cards are then cloned and used abroad in countries including the United States, Italy and Australia where cash machines do not have to read the unique microchip embedded in British cards. • Police have issued a warning about the fraud after arresting two men at a card-faking in Birmingham • Card fraud abroad has increased by 77 per cent – and cost £207.6million – in the past year. Specialist officers from the Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit said the Birmingham factory had stolen card machines from 30 shops, supermarkets and petrol stations across the country. • The gang had been operating for weeks and thousands of cards had been read.
Unsuccessful Innovation • Case Study • In 1992 the failures of the London Ambulance Service Computer-Aided dispatch system lead to unnecessary deaths. • Investigate this case study and the factors led to the system failing. Produce your own report as to why technology systems fail, with appropriate examples, outlining; • The technology • Reasons for failure • The effects of the failure • Lessons learned
The Technology • The London Ambulance service computer Aided Dispatch System is intended to replace a manual system and to improve Communication, location and dispatch of vehicles to improve the timeliness of medical treatment to patients. It also provided auditing and analysis systems to monitor and improve the system over time. • The software has helped better coordination of ambulance responses • better communication between Communications Centre staff and ambulance crews, and also • improved outcomes for patients
The Failure • AVLS unable to keep track of the ambulances and their statuses in the system. • Began sending multiple units to some locations and no units to other locations. • The efficiency with which it assigned vehicles to call locations substandard. • The system began to generate such a great quantity of exception messages that on the dispatchers “terminals” that calls got lost. • The problem was compounded when people called back additional times because the ambulances they were expecting did not arrive. • As more and more incidents were entered into the system, it became increasingly clogged.
The Effects Of Failure • Because of the large area serviced by the LAS, many people were directly affected by the computer system failure. • There were as many as 46 deaths that could have been avoided had the requested ambulance arrived . • One patient waited nearly 6 hours suffering with a heart attack, in the end she was taken to hospital by her son. • Four hours after that, the LAS called to see if the ambulance was still needed, another woman called the LAS every 30 minutes for almost 3 hours before an ambulance arrived. It was too late, as her husband had already died. One ambulance crew arrived only to find that the patient had not only died but his body had been taken away by an mortician.
Lessons Learned • Next time, they need to ask a company that has previous experience with this kind of project, unlike their choice which was Apricot systems software who had no previous experience or actually qualified for the job, especially in the seriousness of the situation and then not to pay them 1.1million. There was also no investigation about why their bid was so much lower than all the other proposed companies bids. • They also need to learn that the timetable should be flexible and able to change as otherwise the work will be rushed to fit it into the proposed time. There was several concerns raised over the timetable but it was written off as non-negotiable. • They also need to realise that the evaluation of the ‘tenders’ fell upon the contract analysis and the systems manger (since the representative that was actually from regional supplies was unable to actually evaluate the tenders on the technical merits because her experience was of the general rather than information technology). They were both unqualified and unsuitable and they knew they were to be made redundant but they were put in charge of the high risk complicated system anyway, and they didn’t even have any addition technical help available to them. • There was also little to no involvement with the ambulance crew themselves, who instead of being able to work and test this out properly and work with the developers to fit it into how they worked normally. They were basically thrown into the deep end on there first shift with the new system which cause much panic and confusion as they had no idea what to do. • Also they did not realise something may be wrong with their system when it was extended to the other ambulance systems in England and they all rejected it. • The system (SRS) was very detailed and had a high degree of needed precision on how to operate it. It gave little manuvering room for other ideas to be added by prospective suppliers. Unfortunately as in apparently normal with such SRS’s there was areas that were not full defined. (Standing out in this was the details in the relationship (contact) to the other LAS systems like the Communications Interface and the PTS system. This was all supposed to be automated but since it was not connecting this could not happen. • There also was not enough staff, even though at first any wrong buttons that were pressed by the ambulance crew could be sorted out, as the workload grew the system got more and more confusing and horrible mistakes happened because of the lack of order (such as two ambulances going to the same place or a further away one chosen) The system in the end completely slowed down due to the amount of info and the entire system had a increasingly large backlog, this killed a few people. (20-30) • There was also not enough knowledge at what was going on. The patience started to call more often (about already recorded incidents) which created a slower system, which created further delays for patience. At the crew end they became more irritated at the lack or correct allocations which meant the clicked wrong buttons in there fury and took the wrong ambulances. This then created more radio traffic and the more radio traffic the slower the radio traffic system became, which in turn made the already upset crew even more angry. This created a vicious cycle of cause and effect. Also the reorganisation of sector desks over the preceding weekend may have caused loss of local knowledge which really upset the patience and general public. This all gave way to a giant rift that had formed between the two. This is an obvious sign that they need to get themselves much better communication as a large amount of this could have been solved by doing so. Miscommunication between the developers and the crews and the general public ran this project into the ground.
Podcasting! The podcast is a relatively new form of digital audio or web file that only really began to take hold in 2004. Although it was the 1998-2001 dot.com era that the technology was started of in. A podcast is a series of digital media files (these files can be either audio or video) that can be released episode by episode and downloaded through web syndication.
User Guide for Podcasts • A podcast is fairly simple to use, we shall for example, look through the BBC website process of viewing a podcast. • You can start on Google and type in ‘BBC Podcast’ immediately the first link that will come up is the BBC Podcast Directory! When you click on this link you are taken to a page that has a list of the editors picks, the most recently launched. • This is then followed by a search section where you can look through the podcasts by Station or Genre. • Underneath that, if you do not put in a search then it shows the last 30 shows that have been downloaded (The different tablets show the name, a picture, average duration and last downloaded information of the podcasts). • After you have found and selected your chosen podcast you are then brought onto a new page that shows you lots more information on the program such as links to the most recent episodes, Subscription service from various podcast sites (such as ITunes, MY yahoo and ZENcast) • It also shows a small description, the update time and the average duration. Since we are looking for the most recent episode we scroll down until we reach recent episodes where we then find a specific download buttons for each program where it tells you to click to download and how large the program is. This one is 6MB. • After we click on download it opens a Media player (for example Windows Media Player). The program will then load up immediately and you can start watching at your leisure. Through the use of a podcast sites you can also download to there and watch it later (even if you are offline!).
Equipment needed to access services • As with all technology there are certain pieces of equipment that you need to have, the most obvious is a Media player to play the podcast on. (For example Windows Media player, Adobe or Apple) • It is also advised for most podcasts you need a broadband connection (or the speed of the download with dramatically decrease or stop, for example dial-up may even refuse to play) • To subscribe to a podcast you also will need a piece of software that searches the web for content (latest episode) and then automatically downloads it to your computer. This is normally free, and the top used ones for the BBC podcast are ITunes, Juice and Doppler. • Also depending on the website you may also need java, but if you do it will tell you (if you haven’t got it).
Benefits to organisations • There are a lot of benefits for the Organization, the main one is that it makes the users (watchers) happy with the channel that they are watching. • It also makes it more likely that they will see something they like and then watch it on a TV. • Also the people who download and watch podcasts count as viewers to programs, so this means they get much easier access to customer data and trends in program watching. • This means that they can strategically promote the less seen shows while giving more slots to the more popular ones. • Organisations can also gain money by selling certain services to enhance the users experience or sell movies that can also be viewed by podcast for a small amount of money (for example a new movie for less money that a DVD or Cinema ticket would go down well, as people wouldn’t have to go anywhere or wait to perform a transaction and they cannot lose it (another benefit it that the person can watch it at any place without taking anything with you).
Benefits for the Users • Unlike the benefits for the Organization, the benefits for the Users are massive. For example there is the fact that podcasting is ‘Asynchronous’ this means that unlike a radio or television (where you have to watch or listen at a certain time to see the show) you can actually listen at anytime, so whenever is convenient for you! (Which basically means you will never miss a show, if you don’t want too). • Listening to the news is a great example of this kind of tech as the device can actually collect a feed for you (that has the most recent news items). It also can create a fresh new option for viewers, especially those that are fed up with commercials and branding products. • Podcasts provide a Varity of entertainment and information shows. Also, as most people are, a little lazy, to say the least they are happy to realise that there is no more need to check their favourite sites to see if they have got some new episodes or shows. Podcasting now allows them to automatically find and check the sites and has tools that can automatically download the MP3s and programs. • You can even attach your MP3 Player and download the most recent programs onto it. It also has the benefit of price as the technology is not only incredibly easy to use, but the devices are quite cheap to buy. • In fact, businesses even sometimes give there employees a free device! (So they can keep up with all the new business developments without going looking for them). This would help people gain more money through smart, informed business opportunities as well as saving money on such things as a TV licence or a Radio (or an entertainment licence, as they would have to have one to broadcast Radio in their business). • Time is also saved for schools who can download BBC programs for learning instead of having to manually record them.
