1 / 15

Exploring Biological Classification: Organisms and Evolution

Learn about biological evolution, evolutionary relationships, categories of living organisms, classification systems, and phylogenetic trees. Discover how to use dichotomous keys and understand the importance of genetic inheritance.

nen
Download Presentation

Exploring Biological Classification: Organisms and Evolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification

  2. Categorize this list in 3 different ways • Flamingo • Penguin • Bottlenose dolphin • Polar bear • Tiger • Rabbit • Sheep • Blue jay • Lizard • Cow • Cat • Chicken • Human • Mouse • Pig • Ape • Gold Fish • Shark • Sea turtle • Tree frog • Rattle snake • Squirrel • Black bear

  3. What is classification? • Organisms are grouped together based on their evolutionary relationships • In order to understand how this works you will need to know a little bit about evolution

  4. Evolution • Biological evolution is not just change over time • These changes must be genetic and inheritable • Central idea is that everyone has a common ancestor • New generations (decedents) developed slight changes (modification). This is called decent with modification.

  5. VS

  6. Evolution • So organisms are based on their evolutionary relationships, but how do we know what these relationships are? • Anatomical structures— would be similar if they came from a common ancestor • Fossil evidence • Geographical evidence • Embryology – Comparing embryos • Biochemical evidence – DNA evidence

  7. Classification • Organized into groups by • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  8. Classification • Classification systems have changed over time • Aristotle’s classification system – plants and animals • What are we missing?

  9. Classification Living things Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya • Domains – Above kingdom • Archaeabacteria – extreme thermophiles, can withstand harsh conditions • Eubacteria – “normal” bacteria • Eukaryota – multicellular organisms

  10. Classification Living things Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya • Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multi and • unicellular • Heterotroph • Cell wall Plantae - eukaryotic - multicellular - autotrophs - cell wall • Animalia • - eukaryotic • Multicellular • heterotroph • Protist • Eukaryotic • Unicellular • Autotrophs

  11. Classification • What is a protist??? • Algae, slime molds, diatoms • Protozoa ingest their food by phagocytosis • Anything that is not a plant, fungus, or animal! • Cilia and flagella • Oral groove

  12. Classification • By studying inherited species' characteristics and other historical evidence, we can reconstruct evolutionary relationships and represent them on a "family tree," called a phylogenetic tree.

  13. Classification • Phylogenetic trees

  14. Classification • Dichotomous keys • Know how to read these!! • Species names are in italics on when typed, and underlined when hand written • Capitalize genus not species • Example : Polypedatesleucomystax • UNIVERSAL!

More Related