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Mastering Electric Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications

Learn the basics of electric circuits, including grid principles, NEC guidelines, AC vs. DC, transformers, and circuit laws. Prepare for the FE exam with electricity and magnetism concepts.

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Mastering Electric Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications

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  1. Objectives • Provide Overview of Build Electric Systems • Learn Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

  2. What do you need to know about Building Electric Circuits • Fundamentals • Basic principles of the grid • Terminology and basic principles of the building circuits Where to learn about this: - In Class - Textbook Chapters 10 & 11, and later Chapter 13 - Reading assignment is complementary to the class material - It is mandatory and will be checked in the course Quiz

  3. What is the NEC? • National Electrical Code • National Electrical Corporation • A kind of cookie • National Energy Code • A manufacturer of plasma televisions

  4. Electrical Codes • National Electrical Code (NEC) Prepared by National Fire Protection Association Part of the national and state building codes • Library website • Tao and Janis - Section 13.7 • Focus on safety

  5. AC DC • Direct Current (DC) • Sign matters • Alternating Current (AC) • Switching polarity • Which are the following? • Photovoltaic solar cell • Automobile alternator • Household outlet • Outlet in ECJ • Battery • High voltage lines

  6. AC terms • Frequency, f [Hz] • Wall outlet? • Fluorescent light? • Clock? • Electric resistance heater? • Resistor [Ω –ohm] • Capacitor (plates separated by dielectric) • Inductor (coil of wire) • Transformers

  7. Why use AC? • Easier to generate • Able to use inductors and capacitors in meaningful way • Voltage changes much easier • Lower distribution losses

  8. Transformers Change - Voltage [E] and - Current [I] Across a transformer I1E1 = I2E2 Es/Ep = Ns/Np

  9. Ref: Tao and Janis (2001)

  10. Basic about Circuits Ohm’s, Kirchov’s Laws, relations between current voltage resistance, …… We need to master this: • as it defines basics for all electric systems (High voltage or Low voltage) • It is part of the FE exam that you will take soon or later

  11. Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam • The FE exam is the step in the process to becoming a professional licensed engineer (P.E.) • https://ncees.org/engineering/fe/ • General FE exam: Section 14. Electricity, Power, and Magnetism: • A. Electrical fundamentals (e.g., charge, current, voltage, resistance, power, energy) • B. Current and voltage laws (Kirchhoff, Ohm) • C. DC circuits • D. Equivalent circuits (series, parallel, Norton’s theorem, Thevenin’s theorem) • E. Capacitance and inductance • F. AC circuits (e.g., real and imaginary components, complex numbers, power factor, reactance and impedance) • G. Measuring devices (e.g., voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter

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