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Understanding Chromosome and Chromatid Structures in Human Cells

Learn about the 46 chromosomes in human cells, how they form 23 pairs, and the details of sister chromatids in cell divisions. Explore the phases of the cell cycle, replication processes, and the distribution of genetic materials.

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Understanding Chromosome and Chromatid Structures in Human Cells

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  1. Confusing Facts

  2. 46 chromosomes in human cells 23 pairs Above metaphase cells showing replicated sister chromatids joined at centromere When in X formation they are sister chromatids, only found during M phase otherwise Found as single chromosomes in cells but two copies of each.

  3. G1 phase S phase M phase Interphase

  4. At the beginning of cell division (S-phase), the DNA is replicated, producing two identical copies of DNA, which are connected to each other at the centromere. • This replicated X-like structure is now called a sister chromatid pair. • A chromatid is therefore just one of the strands.

  5. When a cell divides, the sister chromatids separate, and each daughter cell receives one of the strands. • The chromatid then decondenses back into a long single chromatin strand when the new cell goes into interphase.

  6. One from each parent with Same/different alleles One from each parent with Same/different alleles

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