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Knowledge & Networks

Knowledge & Networks. John Goubeaux Ariane Gravel Darren Hardy. What is knowledge?. Information relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where) Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how)

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Knowledge & Networks

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  1. Knowledge & Networks John Goubeaux Ariane Gravel Darren Hardy

  2. What is knowledge? • Information relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where) • Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how) • Wisdom embodies principle, insight, moral, or archetype (why) (Bellinger, 2004) (Fleming, 1996) Hardy

  3. Epistemic communities • Produces small-t local truth, not big-T universal Truth. (Miller & Fox, 2001) • Epistemology (Oxford) • The theory of knowledge, esp. with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. • The investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion. • What do we know? How do we know it? • Shared concepts, language, symbols Hardy

  4. The Information Age • Epistemic communities • What are our social institutions for knowledge? (e.g., science, libraries) • How does ICT change them? • Key questions • Can networks improve these institutions? • How do online communities support epistemic communities? Hardy

  5. Roles • Information seeker • Search, Browse • Information provider • Authorship, Aggregation • Knowledge managers KMI KSL Hardy

  6. P R Information retrieval Precision Recall (Frakes & Baeza-Yates, 1992) Hardy

  7. Information seeking • Lancaster (1979) • Information need -> stated request ->selection of database -> search strategy ->search in database -> screening of output • Pharo & Järvelin (2006) • “Irrational” searchers vs. IR-Rational researchers • Disjointed incrementalism • Searchers learn during a search process • Searchers have subjective & dynamic information needs over time Hardy

  8. Knowledge management • Categorization • Controlled vocabulary, taxonomy • Search • Full text or metadata • Collaboration • Flow in social networks Hardy

  9. Categorization • Library of Congress Subject Headings • To assign information to a subject • Get a degree, become a librarian • To find information on a subject • Talk to a librarian • Go to the Card Catalog • Wander the stacks Hardy

  10. BT (Broader Topic) NT (Narrower Topic) RT (Related Topic) SA (See Also) UF (Used for) RF (Refer from) Substance abuse(May Subd Geog) [HV4997-HV5840 (Social pathology)] [RC563-RC568 (Psychiatry)] UF Abuse of substances Addiction, Substance Addictive behavior Chemical dependence Chemical dependency Substance addiction BT Crimes without victims Psychology, Pathological SA subdivision Substance use under classes of persons and ethnic groups NT Aerosol sniffing Alcoholism Betel chewing Caffeine habit Church and substance abuse Drug abuse Dual diagnosis Solvent abuse Tobacco habit LCSH Example Psychology, Pathological -- Substance abuse -- Alcoholism Hardy

  11. The Semantic Web (Berners-Lee et al., 2001) • Today: hypertext links related content • Tomorrow: links content by meaning • The hype: “The Semantic Web can assist the evolution of human knowledge as a whole” • Structured content (XML) • Meaning (RDF) • Ontology (OWL) - automated reasoning • A graph; nodes = concepts, links = semantics • Or, a taxonomy plus set of inference rules Hardy

  12. Seriously, onto-whatnow? • FOAF • SIOC(Harth et al., 2004) • SWOOP(Hendler et al., 2005) Hardy

  13. Social tagging • 100% pure simplicity • Author • Whatever “tags” she thinks appropriate • No controlled vocabulary, no suggestions • Social network dynamics does the rest Hardy

  14. Social tagging examples • Information seeking • By popularity (Tag clouds) • By example (Read an article, see tag) • By surfing (Edited what’s new page) • Meets “good enough” standards? • Application: Social bookmarking • Technorati • 36.6 million sites, 2.3 billion links • del.icio.us Hardy

  15. Tag cloud Adland Hardy

  16. Hardy

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