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This study investigates the performance of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Mixed Linear Models (MLM) with and without the inclusion of a Q-matrix. We examine the influence of the Q-matrix in modeling techniques through controlled simulations and real data applications. The findings highlight the advantages of incorporating the Q-matrix in MLM contexts, particularly when analyzing complex data structures. Furthermore, we provide visual representations and detailed statistical analysis in Figure S1, illustrating the model outcomes and suggesting best practices for researchers.
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a) GLM without Q matrix b) GLM with Q matrix a) MLM without Q matrix (K-only) b) MLM with Q matrix (Q+K) Fig. S1