Unit 4: Technology and Society

1. Unit 4: Technology and Society Mac Steelman Updated 10-14-2013

2. The Big Idea • The use of technology can result in positive as well as negative impacts on society and the environment.

3. Lesson 1: Trade-offs and Transfers

4. New products and systems can be developed to solve problems or to help to do things that could not be done without the help of technology. • The development of technology is a human activity and is the result of individual or collective needs and the ability to be creative. • Technology is closely linked to creativity, which has resulted in innovation. Scope of Technology

5. Core Concepts of Tech. • Malfunctions of any part of a system affect the function and quality of the system • Requirements are the parameters placed on the development of a product or system.

6. Compromise • Compromises must be made when making decisions about the use of technology. • Environmental Concerns, Economy, Society, and Morality

7. Selecting Resources • Involves Tradeoffs between competing values. • Cost, Availability, & Desirability • Waste

8. Relationships Among Technologies & Fields of Study • Housing design = Architecture • Furniture Design = Industrial Arts • Sustainability/Renewable Energies = Appropriate Technology • Bio-fuels (Ethanol, Methanol, Hydrogen, Biodiesel……….) = Chemistry

9. Technology Transfer • When a new user applies an existing innovation developed for one purpose in a different function. • Example: Windmills were originally designed for the use of their mechanical power ability. This mechanical power was used to for grinding and water pumping. Later on during the electrical the windmill technology was used to turn electricity generators.

10. Technological Innovation • Results when ideas, knowledge, or skills are shared within a technology, among technologies, or across other fields. • Example: Aviation aerodynamic technology is shared with the wind turbine industry for greater turbine efficiency.

11. Scientific Enterprise • When applications of research could pose risk to society, scientists’ decisions to participate in that research are based on personal as well as professional ethics.

12. Math, Science & Tech. • Developments in science or technology often stimulate innovations in mathematics by presenting new kinds of problems to be solved.

13. Technology and Science • Technological problems and advances often create a demand for new scientific knowledge, and new technologies make it possible for scientist to extend their research in new way or to undertake entirely new lines of research. The very availability of new technology itself often sparks scientific advances. • Technology usually affects society more directly than science does because technology solves practical problems and serves human needs. • One way science affects society is by stimulating and satisfying people’s curiosity and enlarging or challenging their views of what the world is like.

14. Social Trade Offs • Benefits and cost of proposed choices include consequences that are long-term as well as short-term, and indirect as well as direct. The more remote the consequences of a personal or social decision, the harder it usually is to take them into account in considering alternatives.

15. Lesson 2: Technology Impacting the Community

16. Effects of Technology • Technology effects cultural, social, economic, and political aspects. • Changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious. • Ethical consideration are important in the development, selection, and use of technology

17. Role of Society • The decision whether to develop a technology is influenced by societal opinions and demands, in addition to corporate culture.

18. Issues in Technology • In deciding on proposals to introduce new technologies or curtail existing ones, some key questions arise concerning possible alternatives, who benefits and who suffers, financial and social cost, possible risks, resources used (human, material or energy), and waste disposal.

19. Lesson 3: Technology Impacting the Environment

20. Environmental Effects of Tech.

21. Effects of Tech. Continued • Humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil, and energy through such techniques as reduce, reuse, and recycling. • When new technologies are developed to reduce the use of resources, considerations of trade-offs are important. • Humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

22. Agriculture • Agricultural technology requires trade-offs between increased production and environmental harm and between efficient production and social values.

23. Pesticides • Swiss Chemist Paul Muller (1939) Created DDT • Neurotoxins that poison the nervous system causing paralysis. • Highly toxic to all life forms. • 1st generation (arsenic and hydrogen cyanide) • 2nd generation (Synthetics) • During the 1960’s it was used as a mosquito control and sprayed over towns in certain areas of the US

24. Pesticide Dangers • Exposure may lead to Death, Cancer, Reproductive Harm, Birth Defects, Mental Illness, and so on • Do not break down very well resulting in build up in soil and groundwater

28. Herbicides • John E. Franz in 1970 (Monsanto Scientist) • Introduced as Round-up as liquid weed killer but has since been disguised as many other brands. • Glyphosate inhibits an enzyme in plant synthesis

29. Herbicide Dangers • Endocrine System Disrupter • Many facts and test for human effects have been clouded and are not promising. • Glyphosates build up in groundwater and soil • 2007 US Agriculture applied 185 million lbs. • 2007 US Home & Garden applied 5-8 million lbs. • 2007 Industry & Government applied 13-15 million lbs.

32. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) • GMO’s are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from other plants, animals, and viruses. • Creates experimental life that can’t occur in nature. • Not Real Food

33. GMO Hazards • Most developed nations do not consider GMO’s safe. • In more that 60 countries bans and restrictions are being put into place. • The USA approves due to high profits • Suicide Gene (Sterile Seeds) • Cross Pollination • Patented Life ….????? • Legal Issues • World Wide Extinction! • Not Label on Food

34. Monsanto the Chemical Co. • Established 1901 • Produced the 1st artificial sweetener (Saccharin) • 1945 began producing 2-4-D (Pesticide) • Artificial Flavorings • Producing toxic PCB’s since 1930’s and are carcinogen, toxic to the brain, eyes, skin, endocrine system, reproductive system and so on…. • 99% of all PCB’s were from Monsanto • Agent Orange (19 million gallons sprayed during Vietnam War) Thousands of soldiers have dies of cancer since. • (right) Recombinant bovine growth hormone (Dairy Milk Production) • Roundup • GMO Seeds

35. Monsanto’s Monopoly • Seed Saving Lawsuits • Owns Seed • Owns Herbicides • Owns Pesticides • Pays off government • World Domination

36. Who Benefits? • The corporate world benefits while the rest of us suffer the consequences of their actions. • Dependent on their products • High prices • Total loss of control for individuals

37. Long Term Vs Short Term? Ethics?