1 / 15

Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Personality. Personality. Each person’s unique and relatively enduring stable behavior patterns Personality traits: stable qualities that a person shows in most situations Leads to predictable behavior Inferred from behavior Stable at age 30. Theories.

myrafleming
Download Presentation

Chapter 14

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 14 Personality

  2. Personality • Each person’s unique and relatively enduring stable behavior patterns • Personality traits: stable qualities that a person shows in most situations • Leads to predictable behavior • Inferred from behavior • Stable at age 30

  3. Theories • Trait theories: what traits make up personality and how they relate to behavior • Psychodynamic theories: focus on inner working of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles • Behavioristic theories: importance of external environment and effect of conditioning and learning • Social Learning: attribute differences to socialization, expectation, and mental processes • Humanistic: stress private, subjective experience and personal growth

  4. Traits Approach • Analyze, classify, inter-relate traits • Allport: individual traits (define unique qualities) • Cattell: trait profile (16 PF) • Trait-situation interactions: when external circumstances influence the expression of personality traits • Heredity accounts for 25 to 50% of variability in many personality traits

  5. Psychodynamic Theory • Sigmund Freud • 3 parts of personality: • Id: innate, biological instincts; self-serving, irrational, operates on pleasure principle, unconscious • Ego: conscious control of personality; operates on reality principle • Superego: internalized parent; conscience

  6. Psychosexual Development • Oral: feeding • Anal: toilet training • Phallic: attracted to opposite sex parent; Oedipus conflict in males • Latency: dormant period • Genital: puberty • First years of life shape personality • Not verified scientifically • Freud believed sexual abuse was a fantasy

  7. Behavioral Theory of Personality • Personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns • Acquired through classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and stimulus discrimination • Reject notion of personality traits • Situational determinants interact with prior learning history

  8. Social Learning Theory • How person interprets a situation • Expectancy: anticipation that responding will lead to reinforcement • Attach different values to different reinforcers

  9. Humanistic Theory • Rogers, Maslow • Focus on human experiences, problems, potentials • Human nature is inherently good • Person you are is product of choices you have made • Stressed private perceptions rather than prior learning

  10. Maslow • Self-actualization: process of fully developing personal potential • Judge situations correctly • Comfortable acceptance of self, others • Resourceful, independent • Continued freshness for appreciation Steps to self-actualization: be willing to change, take responsibility, self-discovery, see yourself as others do

  11. Carl Rogers • Self theory • Fully functioning person lives in harmony with deepest feelings and impulses • Trust intuition • Most likely to occur with love and acceptance from others • Behavior understood as attempt to maintain consistency between self-image and action • Unconditional positive regard: love and approval without qualification

  12. Personality Theories • Trait theories: useful in describing and comparing personalities • Psychoanalytic: exaggerates sexuality and biological instincts, doesn’t predict behavior • Behavioristic and social learning: can study scientifically, understate importance of temperament, emotion • Humanistic: positive dimensions of personality

  13. Personality Assessment • Interview • Direct observation • Rating scales • Behavioral assessment • Personality questionnaires (MMPI) • Projective Tests: Rorschach, TAT

More Related