American Beginnings

1. American Beginnings

2. The Stars and Stripes(The Star-Spangled Banner)

4. National Emblem • Great Seal of the United States • 美国大印章，第一次用于1782年 • Sea Eagle with white head: power, courage, freedom, eternity • Left claw holding an olive branch (peace) while right claw holding arrows (force) • Latin Words on ribbon: E Pluribus Unum （ “合众为一” ） • Halo: 13 stars and 13 stripes

5. What is an American?

6. A New Land • 1. Who discovered the American Continent? • 2. Before his arrival, who are the natives there? • 3. Two immigration movements appeared in American history, what were they?

7. A New Land

8. A New Land • Time: 25 000 years ago • People: Siberian tribes from Asia • Route: crossed over the Bering Strait • Results: later called Indians developed their own culture—the Mayan, Aztec, and Inca Civilizations

9. Columbus discovered “the New World” in 1492. He landed on one of Bahamas Islands in the Caribbean Sea

10. John Cabot, an Italian sailor supported by the English king, Henry VII arrived in Canada in 1497. thus resulted in the Englishmen's settlement at the beginning of the 17th century. John Cabot"The departure of John and Sebastian Cabot from Bristol on their first voyage of discovery, 1497." Oil on canvas by Ernest Board, 1906.

11. Europe in the 16th and 17th Centuries • Some new and powerful social forces emerged in this period in Europe, what were they?

12. Europe in the 16th and 17th Centuries 1. The development of capitalism ------the bourgeois class 2. The Renaissance ------a changing outlook on life 3. The Religious Reformation ------Martin Luther/John Calvin ------the Church of England (HenryⅧ)

13. 1. The development of capitalism 1). In the 16th century, some new and powerful social forces awakened Europe and the discovery of America. 2). Capitalism produced two new classes Capitalism Working class Bourgeois class

14. 2. Renaissance brought about a new outlook of life "Renaissance”: French for "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. During the era, Europe emerged from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a time of financial growth. Also, and perhaps most importantly, the Renaissance was an age in which artistic, social, scientific, and political thought turned in new directions.

15. started from Germany in 1517 led by Martin Luther. Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German professor of theology whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions. 3. Religious Reformation Portrait of Martin Luther

16. Calvinism-- second phase of the Protestant Reformation a Protestant Christian doctrine named after John Calvin. Calvinism marks the second phase of the Protestant Reformation, when evangelical (新教会的) churches began to form following Luther’s excommunication(被逐出教会) from the Roman Catholic Church.

17. Great changes in European societies • 1. Capitalism emerged as a counterbalance to feudalism; bourgeoisie hoped to claim more power. • 2. Renaissance brought about great freedom of thought progress in S&T. It challenged the authority of God. • 3. The leaders of Religious Reformation in different countries pushed the movement to anew high.

19. The Settlement in Virginia • When and where did the first Englishmen settle down? ---in 1607 ---London Company --- The Colonial Period • --- *The first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia

21. The first English permanent settlement ----London Company ----Jamestown, named after the King JamesⅠ ----Tobacco cultivation ----the House of Burgesses (1619) ----the enslavement of Africans

22. Puritan New England • When and where did the 2nd Englishmen settled down? • What are the differences on religious beliefs between Puritans and Catholics • The influence of Puritanism on American culture?

23. Puritan New England • The second enduring English settlement ---English puritans who sought religious freedom took the ship Mayflower and left Holland for North America. (1620) ---Mayflower Compact ---Plymouth, Massachusetts ---Thanksgiving Day (the fourth Thursday of November) ---Boston, Connecticut ---Rhode Island (Roger Williams)

24. Catholic Maryland • The second Lord Baltimore ---George Calvert was granted a charter from the king CharlesⅠ and was allowed to set up a colony in Maryland (1623) ---The second Lord Baltimore became the owner of the colony in 1632 ---Protestant settlers outnumbered the Catholics ---capitalist development road

25. Quaker Pennsylvania • William Penn • He received the grant from the king CharlesⅡ and decided to found a colony for his persecuted Quakers in Pennsylvania. • Religious Freedom---the idea of melting-pot was first practised here • Self-government • The separation of state and church

26. The American Revolution (1775-1783) • The Seven Years’ War (1755-1763) ----France and Britain ----Britain won the war and gained control of Canada and all of North America east of the Mississippi River. • The Boston Tea Party (1773) • 1st Continental Congress (1774, Philadelphia) • Lexington (April 19, 1775) • 2st Continental Congress (1775, Philadelphia) • Declaration of Independence(July 4,1776)

27. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) • “ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they were endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” • 我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 • Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams (founding fathers)

28. The War of Independence came to an end in 1781 with the victory of North Americans. • The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783and Britain had to recognize the independence of the United States. • George Washington became the first president.