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Experiments on Liquid – Gas Phase Transition

Experiments on Liquid – Gas Phase Transition. Huanlong Liu. Liquid – Gas Phase Transition. O(1) Universality Class – 3d Ising. Lattice – gas interpretation: Transformation:. intermolecular potential. is the number of nearest neighbors. Critical component.

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Experiments on Liquid – Gas Phase Transition

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  1. Experiments on Liquid – Gas Phase Transition Huanlong Liu Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  2. Liquid – Gas Phase Transition Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  3. O(1) Universality Class – 3d Ising • Lattice – gas interpretation: • Transformation: intermolecular potential is the number of nearest neighbors Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  4. Critical component • Density difference(order parameter): • Isothermal compressibility: • Specific heat: • Correlation length: Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  5. Outline • Thermal Dynamic property measurements • Difficulties • Coexistence curve • Specific heat • Susceptibility(isothermal compressibility) • Correlation length Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  6. Difficulties • Small asymptotic region: • As Therefore, gravity will dramatically change the density with respect of height Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  7. Solutions • Reduce height – finite size effect – doesn’t work • Add correlation – to – scaling terms • Reduce gravity Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  8. Another difficulty Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  9. Coexistence Curve – I • Measurement: • Coexistence curve in critical region of HCFC-123, (1) HFC-32,(2) and HFC-125 (3) • Main Results: • Publications: • Okazaki et.al (1982) • Tanlkawa(1990) • Kuwabara(1995) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  10. Experiment setup Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  11. Experiment setup old New – higher T Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  12. Result: HCFC-123 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  13. Results: HFC-32 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  14. Results: HFC-25 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  15. Coexistence Curve – II • Measurement: • Coexistence curve, isothermal compressibility and the density as a function of chemical potential of N2 and Ne • Main Result: • (perhaps best agreement up to date) • Publications: • M. W. Pestak and M. H. W. Chan, PRB 30 1 (1984) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  16. Coexistence Curve – II • Measure four capacitances between five plates • Reduced density as a function of dielectric: • Able to tell the gravity – rounded region Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  17. Experiment setup Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  18. Coexistence Curve – II Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  19. Coexistence Curve – II Determine the gravity – rounded region Determine the first correction to scale term Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  20. Coexistence Curve – II One phase compressibility Two phase compressibility Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  21. Coexistence Curve – II Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  22. Order parameter and compressibility • The coexistence curve and critical amplitude ratios of CHF3 and Xenon • Narger et.al. PRB 39 13(1989), PRB 39 16(1989), PRB 42 10(1990) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  23. Experiment setup Prism cell Fringe Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  24. Results – xenon Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  25. Results – xenon Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  26. Results – CHF3 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  27. Results – CHF3 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  28. Specific heat • Specific heat of SF6 • , asymptotic region: • A. Haupt and J. Straub Phys. Rev. E 29 2(1999) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  29. Experimental detail Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  30. results μg condition Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  31. Find asymptotic region Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  32. Correlation length - II • Long range correlation length and isothermal compressibility of CO2 and Ni near critical point by light scattering • Lunacek et.al PRL 27 13(1971), Cannell PRA 12 1(1975) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  33. Experiment setup Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  34. Compressibility Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  35. Results – CO2 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  36. Results – SF6 Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  37. Correlation length - II • Small angle neutron scattering from D2O in the critical region • D M Sullivan, G W Neilson, H E Fischer and A R Rennie J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12(2000) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  38. Introduction • Ornstein – Zernike critical theory: • For pure one – component fluid: • Critical component: • Cannot determine Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  39. Experimental Setup Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  40. Results – fitting Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  41. Compressibility Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  42. Correlation length Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  43. Correlation length - III • Universal critical – scattering function of CO2 • Damay et. al. PRB 58 18(1998) Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  44. Experiments and Results Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

  45. Thank you! Phase Transition (G85.2017) Fall 2010

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