History and Trends in Children’s Literature

1. History and Trends in Children’s Literature How can we know how we got here- if we don’t know where we’ve been? Chapter 5

2. Landmarks in Children’s Literature1400-1800 • 1484 ______fables published by William Caxton • 1697 Tales of ______ _____ retold by Charles Perrault • 1744 A Pretty Little Pocketbook published by John ________ • 1835 Fairy Tales told for Children by Hans ________ _________ • 1865 Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland by _____ ______ • 1876 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by ____ _____ • 1883The Merry Adventures of _____ ____ of Great Renown by Howard Pyle

3. Landmarks in Children’s Literature1400-1800 • 1484 Aesop’s fables published by William Caxton • 1697 Tales of Mother Goose retold by Charles Perrault • 1744 A Pretty Little Pocketbook published by John Newberry • 1835 Fairy Tales told for Children by Hans Christian Anderson • 1865 Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll • 1876 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain • 1883The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown by Howard Pyle

4. Old Paradigm • Children were treated like little ______ • No child labor laws in England or America until early ____ century • 1693- John Locke wrote “Some Thoughts concerning Education” and urged for ______ ways of raising children and books specifically for children • Mainly _______ families had books, especially for children

5. Old Paradigm • Children were treated like little adults • No child labor laws in England or America until early 20th century • 1693- John Locke wrote “Some Thoughts concerning Education” and urged for gentler ways of raising children and books specifically for children • Mainly wealthy families had books, especially for children

6. 1800s- Children’s Books come of Age • The beginning of this century brought in some of the influential, honest, and lasting children’s stories into print. • Grimms Brothers and Hans Christian Anderson wrote - _____ _____ and _______. • Robert Louis Stevenson- poetry collection • Edward Lear- ________collection • Stories about contemporary life were very preachy and dull until ______ _____ (1868) by Louisa May Alcott.

7. 1800s • Illustrations became part of the children’s books during this century. • ________ _________ was the first illustrator credited with showing action in his pictures. • Used color printing.

8. 1900-1949 • Children’s picture book firmly established in the early 1900s. • Mainly in the UK: Peter Rabbit, Wizard of Oz, Winnie the Pooh, Peter Pan • 1928 Millions of Cats by Wanda Gag- credited as America’s first picture book. • 1937 Dr. Seuss’s first book published: To Think That I saw it on Mulberry Street. • 1940s-1950s • Series Books: Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew- publishers saw a way to make money

9. 1900- 1949 • 1900 The W________ W_____ of __ by Frank Baum • 1902 The Tale of _____ ______ by Beatrix Potter • 1906 _____ ___ in Kensington Garden by JM Barrie • 1922 John ________ Award established for adolescent novels • 1928 Millions of Cats by Wanda Gag • 1938 Randolph _________ Medal established for children’s literature • 1941 Make Way for _________ by Robert McCloskey

10. 1900- 1949 • 1900 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank Baum • 1902 The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter • 1906 Peter Pan in Kensington Garden by JM Barrie • 1922 John Newberry Award established for adolescent novels • 1928 Millions of Cats by Wanda Gag • 1938 Randolph Caldecott Medal established for children’s literature • 1941 Make Way for Ducklings by Robert McCloskey

11. 1950 • Stable times in children’s literature • Plots were predictable • Upheld basic decency, societal norms and restrained good fun- adult approved • More series books for children

12. 1950 • 1950 The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe by __ _____ • 1952 Charlotte’s Web by __ _____ • 1956 Hans Christian Anderson Award established for _____________ recognition in children’s books. • 1957 The Cat in the Hat by __ _____

13. 1950 • 1950 The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe by CS Lewis • 1952 Charlotte’s Web by EB White • 1956 Hans Christian Anderson Award established for international recognition in children’s books. • 1957 The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss

14. 1960s • Social Revolution brought down restraints on authors and illustrators to write about taboo subjects such as death, divorce, abuse, and alcoholism. • Where the Wild Things Are- boy venting his anger at his parents through his fantasy • Harriet the Spy- child is neglected and needs psychotherapy • Financial Boom brought an increase in sales • More diversity- first black protagonist in The Snowy Day

15. 1960s • 1962 The _____ Day by Ezra Jack Keats • 1963 Where the ____ ______Are by Maurice Sendak • 1964 Harriet the Spy by Fitzhugh • 1964 The Book of Three by Lloyd Alexander • 1969 Coretta Scott King Award established to recognize a Black author/illustrator

16. 1960s • 1962 The Snowy Day by Ezra Jack Keats • 1963 Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak • 1964 Harriet the Spy by Fitzhugh • 1964 The Book of Three by Lloyd Alexander • 1969 Coretta Scott King Award established to recognize a Black author/illustrator

17. 1970s • Continue expanding new realism of 1960s • Books dealing with sexuality- Judy Blume • New perspectives offered in historical novels • More minority authors and illustrators • More emphasis on multi-cultural literature • Consumer based and consumer gimmicks- touch/feel, pop-up- more for bookstores than libraries (less federal money at this time) • More non-fiction books • Expanded illustrations such as photography

18. 1970s • 1970 Are you There God? It’s Me, Margaret by Judy Blume • 1972 Push, Pull; Empty, Full: A Book of Opposites by Tana Hoban • 1974 My Brother Sam is Dead by Lincoln and Collier • 1976 Why Mosquitos Buzz in People’s Ears by Aardema (illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon)

19. 1980s- 1990s • Revolution in printing leads to better quality illustrations • Illustrations become even more important to the picture book • Teachers embraced a trade book literature based reading program (before FCAT) • Poetry on the increase • Books with minority characters increase • Establishment of the Pura Belpre Award established to recognize Hispanic authors and illustrators • Publishing conglomerates turn children’s literature into big business/ movie making/ games • In-school marketing with Trumpet, Scholastic and Troll

20. Best Selling Books of the 1980s • The Polar ______ by Chris Van Allsburg • Where’s _____ by Martin Hanford • Anamalia by Graham Base • Berenstain Bears by Jan and Stan Berenstain • Amelia _______ by Peggy Parish • Mercer Mayer (Little Critter series) • If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff

21. Best Selling Books of the 1980s • The Polar Express by Chris Van Allsburg • Where’s Waldo by Martin Hanford • Anamalia by Graham Base • Berenstain Bears by Jan and Stan Berenstain • Amelia Bedelia by Peggy Parish • Mercer Mayer (Little Critter series) • If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff

22. Best Selling Books of the 1990s • Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by JK Rowlings (1998) • Rainbow Fish by Marcus Pfister • Goosebump series by RL Stine • Barney stories • Oh The Places You’ll Go by Dr. Seuss • Arthur Goes to School by Marc Brown • Thomas and the Freight Train by Rev. Awdry

23. 2000s • Harry Potter books are the first to appear on the Children’s and Adult’s Best Seller Lists at the same time. • Huge increase in the amount of book published each year. • Revived old titles from the 30s, 40s, and 50s • Political correctness can strengthen and weaken a book- can be preachy and unrealistic (p. 53) • Celebrity author picture books published

24. Best Selling Books of 2000 • Harry Potter series- highest sales ever!! Revived the fantasy genre. • Magic Treehouse series • Junie B Jones series • All the Caldecott Winners and Honors sell well. • You’ll find out more when you take a trip to the bookstore!