VIOLENCE

1. VIOLENCE

2. SHEP Curriculum Standards Identify CORE CONCEPTS and give you ACCESS to information so you can SELF-MANAGE your lesson plans, and ANALYZE your students’ needs, and by using effective INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION improve their DECISION MAKING and ADVOCACY skills

3. ACCESS CORE CONCEPTS • Digital database on CD • Articles • Reviews • Fact Sheets • Handouts • Reference files list – printed & CD • *** = Nota Bene • ### = printed • Slide set printout - CD

4. VIOLENCE defined: • PHYSICAL FORCE leading to INJURY • Threatened or actual PHYSICAL FORCE or POWER initiated by an individual that results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in, PHYSICAL or PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY or DEATH • CDC Injury Center

5. VIOLENCE may be: • Accidental vs. non-accidental • Intentional vs. Unintentional • Preventable vs. Non-preventable • Physical vs. Psychological • Overt vs. Covert

6. VIOLENCE is American • United States = violent society • Highest murder rate of developed countries • 4 times higher for males 15-24 y.o. • Reflected in casual approach & high exposure • Media, TV, Video games, Movies • Sports, Violence as Entertainment

7. VIOLENCE + Adolescence • Rapid change & development • Conformity to peer norms • Risk-taking, testing limits & boundaries • Experience conflicts more intensely • More complex emotional pain & anger + Environmental change -  Danger + Exposure to violence = Disaster

8. Drugs & Alcohol – multiple substance Access to Firearms Media Exposure to Violence Poor Self-Esteem, delayed psycho-social development Peer Group – delinquent, gang School Failure Prior Exposure to Violence Depression Cigarette Smoking Male Violence Risk Factors

9. Adolescent Mortality • Accidents • Accidental • Preventable • Homicide • Intentional • Preventable • Suicide • Intentional • Preventable?

10. Motor vehicle crash Other accidents Homicide Suicide Criminal assault Child Abuse School Violence Bullying Gangs Sexual Violence Rape Dating Violence Exploitation Adolescents & Violence

11. Historical Trends • Adolescent violence activities have DECLINED over the past decade • 17% HS carried weapon previous month • 36% HS involved in fight previous year • Homocide = leading cause of death African-American males 15-19 y.o. • Adolescents are Victims of Violence

14. 11% MS no seatbelt 8% HS no seatbelt 85% HS no helmet 33% HS ETOH driver 9% HS DUI 43% MS property stolen or damaged 26% HS in fight 78% HS could resist peer pressure 12% MS 1999 14% nationally 66% MS 27% MS 14% 1999 38% MS felt unsafe at or to/from school 36% MS in fight 70% MS could resist peer pressure Hawaii – YRBS 2001

15. 9% HS forced sex 10% HS physical abuse by BF/GF 30% HS sad/hopeless ~qd 2 weeks 13% HS suicide act 17% HS suicide plan 21% HS suicide thought 3% medical attention 6% MS forced sex 5% MS physical abuse by BF/GF 28% national 9% national 15% national 19% national Hawaii – YRBS 2001

16. Kids Count Hawaii 2003The Annie E. Casey Foundation • Teen (15-19 y.o.) death rate – violence 1990-2000 • 45 / 100,000 • 51 in 1990 (71 national) • 28 in 2000 (51 national) • SECOND BEST in the Nation • Deaths are down & so is crime

17. Serious juvenile crime in Hawaii at fifth consecutiverecord low level, overall crime rate up 12.2% in 2002 October 29, 2003 - The Department of the Attorney General released its annual Uniform Crime Report, Crime in Hawaii 2002, which shows that serious juvenile crime in Hawaii reached its fifth consecutive record low level in 2002, while the state's overall Index Crime* rate increased 12.2% from the rate reported for 2001. Attorney General Mark Bennett stated that, "While there have been crime rate increases during the last three years, the increases are based upon Hawaii's unprecedented low crime rates during the late-1990s. And while the 2002 crime rate is somewhat higher than historical averages, it is also below the level reported ten years ago." . . . . . Index Crime arrest data provide the most consistent measure of the extent of serious juvenile crime in Hawaii. Statewide juvenile Index Crime arrests reached their fifth consecutive annual record low level in 2002, with 2,499 arrests reported statewide. Juvenile Index Crime arrests ranged from 4,000 to 7,000 annually during the 1975-1997 period and thereafter plummeted in each subsequent year; the 2002 figure marks a 47.5% decrease over the previous 10-year period.

18. xxxxxxHI99-01.pdf (5 files)

19. DISEASE Etiology Subjective data Objective data Diagnosis Treatment PREVENTION Primary Prevention Health Education Legislation & Customs Secondary Prevention Screening / Awareness Behavior Change Advocacy Tertiary Prevention Damage Control Medical Model

20. Motor vehicle crash Other accidents Homicide Suicide Criminal assault Child Abuse School Violence Bullying Gangs Sexual Violence Rape Dating Violence Exploitation Adolescents & Violence

21. TeenAutoWrecks.pdf

22. Motor Vehicle Crash Factors • Driver / Passenger Restraints • Alcohol & Drugs • Distractions • Peer passengers • Cell phones • Speed Controls & Penalties • Driver Experience & Judgment • Graduated Licensing

23. The young driver problem is well recognized and acknowledged. Less recognized is that the age group most affected by licensing policies — 16 year-olds — has by far the highest crash risk of drivers of any age. Nationally, the crash risk per mile driven by 16 year-olds is nearly three times that of 18-19 year-olds and 10 times the risk of drivers ages 30-59. The problem is that 16 year olds, as a group, are inexperienced, and they are the youngest and most immature group holding licenses. The crash type most often associated with teenage drivers, especially 16 year-olds, is a single-vehicle, run-off-the-road collision involving speeding and multiple teenage passengers — the very type of crash often caused by immaturity and inexperience behind the wheel. YoungDriversHI.pdf

24. The question is not whether graduated licensing is effective. It is, and the only question is precisely how effective. Of course, such licensing systems are not panaceas. There will still be a problem because teenagers will still be relatively young and inexperienced when they get their licenses. Besides, compliance with restrictions will not be universal. At the same time, graduated licensing represents a giant step forward in addressing this major public health problem.

25. TeenDrivingTips.pdf

26. Motor vehicle crash Other accidents Homicide Suicide Criminal assault Child Abuse Sexual Violence Rape Dating Violence Exploitation School Violence Bullying Gangs Adolescents & Violence

27. Sadness Hopelessness Withdrawal from friends & activities Irritability & agitation Missed school or poor performance Eat / sleep change Repeated injury Self-Mutilation Lack of concentration Indecision Poor self-esteem Low energy Guilt Low motivation Substance abuse Thoughts of death Life dissatisfaction Suicide & Depression

28. Hawaii 1999-2001 10-19 y.o. = 47 MVA 21 Suicide 4 Homicide

29. ?Suicide?- What NOT TO DO • Don’t keep it a secret. Tell an adult. Get Help! • Don’t minimize or make light. • Don’t think reassurance alone is O.K. • Don’t promise confidentiality. Promise help and privacy. Privacy ≠ Secrecy • Don’t argue whether it is right or wrong. • Don’t leave or send him/her away.

30. Motor vehicle crash Other accidents Homicide Suicide Criminal assault Child Abuse School Violence Bullying Gangs Sexual Violence Rape Dating Violence Exploitation Adolescents & Violence

31. SchoolAssault.pdf

32. SafeSchools.pdf

33. SchoolSafety.pdf

34. BullyingWhyFuss.pdf Pediatrics 112(6):1421-1422, Dec 2003

35. Bullying • Aggressive behavior that: • is intended to cause harm or distress • occurs repeatedly over time • occurs in a relationship with imbalance of power or strength • ≈ peer abuse ≈ similar to child and domestic abuse • 30% of students involved ↔

36. Forms of Bullying • Physical direct – assault, property • Physical indirect – enlisting others • Verbal direct – taunting, teasing, name-calling • Verbal indirect – spreading rumors • Non-verbal/non-physical direct – threat, obscene gestures • Non-verbal/non-physical indirect – excluding, manipulation, email threats

37. Bullying.pdf Pediatrics 112(6):1231-1237, Dec 2003

38. BullyingNeedToAddress.pdf JAMA 285(16):2131-2132, 25 Apr 2001

39. Long-Term Effects - Bully • Antisocial delinquent behaviors • Vandalism Shoplifting • Truancy Drug Use • Continues into adulthood • Poor school performance • 25% have criminal record by age 30

40. Long-Term Effects - Bullied • Depression • Anxiety • Loneliness • Academic difficulties • Low Self-Esteem • Psychosomatic Symptoms • ≈ Child Abuse Victim

41. 8%Solution.pdf

42. McKinleyGangs.pdf

43. HowToStopBullying.pdf www.StopBullyingNow.hrsa.gov

44. BullyingLendAHand.pdf

45. Motor vehicle crash Other accidents Homicide Suicide Criminal assault Child Abuse School Violence Bullying Gangs Sexual Violence Rape Dating Violence Exploitation Adolescents & Violence

46. Sexual Assault Definitions • Rape = forced vaginal penetration • Sexual Assault = genital, oral, anal penetration by part of body or object, using force or without victim’s consent • Incest = related perpetrator  include step-relatives & parental figures in home • Acquaintance rape = by someone known to victim

47. Sexual Assault Definitions • Date Rape = within a dating relationship • Statutory Rape = sexual intercourse with a female under specified age • Sexual Abuse = contact or interaction between child & adult when used for sexual stimulation of adult or another person (>5 years or position of power) SexualAssaultDefinitions.pdf

48. Dating Violence • 1 in 5 youth report dating violence • 50% of youth victims assaulted before age 18 • Friend or acquaintance assailant in 56% • 8.8% ever forced to have sexual intercourse YRBS

49. SexualVictimizationCollege.pdf

50. DateRapeFS.pdf