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Enhancing Earthquake Hazard Assessment with GPS Technology

Learn about the latest developments in earthquake research using GPS technology, including data integration, fault interaction studies, and PBO & SCIGN networks. Discover how these advancements improve hazard assessment accuracy.

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Enhancing Earthquake Hazard Assessment with GPS Technology

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  1. Earthquakes and GPSWhat’s next? Dr. Ken Hudnut Chief, So. Calif. Earthquake Hazard Assessment Project Earthquake Hazards Team U. S. Geological Survey

  2. Thank you! • Joe Sass for letting me borrow his laptop and saving me! • Brian Hess for inviting me! • San Bernardino – Riverside Chapter of CLSA for having me here!

  3. Plenty of eq.’s to study and new data • Landers 1992 (including Joshua Tree and Big Bear) • 1994 Northridge • 1999 Hector Mine • 250+ SCIGN stations • CMM3 available now • Total of over 60 publications using SCIGN data so far

  4. SCIGN Data Products • 1st Year • Combined time • series (1996-2002) • 3rd Year • Real-time earth- • quake response • 5th Year • Resolve rates on • primary LA basin • faults (and others)

  5. SCEC Tectonic Geodesy • 1st Year • Complete and • distribute CMM3 • 3rd Year • Integrate InSAR • with GPS for • vertical defor- • mation rates • 5th Year • Resolve rate dis- • crepancies • between geology • and geodesy

  6. Los Angeles metropolitan region • Bawden et al., 2002 Nature paper • Seasonal variations in SCIGN data correlated with water table changes • Removal of this noise enabled a refined velocity map for the urban area

  7. LA hazards • Must integrate many types of information • Combine GPS with the deep fault geometry (from imaging and seismicity, etc.) and 3D structure • Employ novel modeling methods D. Argus, JPL

  8. Improving hazard assessment • Temporal variations do occur: • Clustering (e.g., Basin & Range, ECSZ, Asia) • Discrepant geological and geodetic rates • Sequences involving fault interaction (e.g., Joshua Tree - Landers - Big Bear - Hector Mine; Anatolian system, etc.) • Implement robust research findings into hazard assessment Courtesy Anke Friedrich

  9. Fault interaction studies 1857 San Andreas • Emerging view of large events as a composite of sub-events or asperities • Dynamic triggering • Static triggering • Important to study analogous events • Cascading rupture - order in chaos? Bayarsayhan et al., 1996 Kurushin et al., 1998 1957 Gobi-Altay

  10. Serkan Bozkurt, Tom Fumal, & Ross Stein, USGS

  11. NW SJF Scenario Stress Changes Greg Anderson, USGS

  12. SJF event with jumping Brad Aagaard, USGS

  13. New methods and data integration • precise topographic mapping of surface ruptures and active fault scarps Airborne platform navigation must be highly precise and requires high-rate GPS data • representation of actual fault ruptures recorded and preserved in unprecedented detail

  14. Laser scanof the San Andreas

  15. 400 station transportable array “big foot” • ~2400 instrument flexible array USArray SAFOD • 4-km-deep scientific drilling project into the San Andreas fault zone near Parkfield PBO • 875 permanent GPS stations • 175 borehole strainmeters/seismometers • 100 campaign (portable) GPS systems • 5 laser strainmeters • Data and data products What is EarthScope? Fully open data policy

  16. What is PBO? • Backbone of 100 new and 20 existing permanent stations • 775 permanent cluster GPS stations • 147 volcanic stations • 628 tectonic stations • 175 borehole strainmeters • 100 campaign GPS systems • 5 laser strainmeters

  17. What is PBO? • Nominal data set – 30 sec data file downloaded daily • Potential data sets • 1 sec real time • 5 Hz on-demand • Two full-time data processing centers • Two full-time archive/distribution centers

  18. What is PBO? • Five year build out phase • Five year O&M phase • Total 10-year operational commitment • Probable start date 1 September, 2003

  19. Six regional offices in Alaska, Pacific NW, Basin & Range, Rocky Mtns, Southern and Northern California. • Each region has dedicated resources for recon, permitting, installation, maintenance, and data flow.

  20. PBO in Southern California • ~170 new continuous GPS stations • ~64 borehole strainmeters • Full time staff of six personnel located in Southern CA.

  21. Station Breakdown by County

  22. PBO and SCIGN • 125 SCIGN stations proposed for support under NSF existing networks proposal • After 5 years SCIGN stations transition to PBO operations and maintenance

  23. Help! Mike Jackson, UNAVCO – PBO Director • How can you help? • Assist in siting, reconnaissance, and permitting efforts for GPS and strainmeter stations in Southern California • Help with points of contact for PBO personnel in Southern California • What can we do for you? • Provide equipment, operations and maintenance support, and data for for new PBO station installations in Southern California

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