PSYC 1101 Psychotherapy

1. PSYC 1101 Psychotherapy Early Interventions Abnormal behavior was viewed as being caused by demons; therefore, treatment was aimed at exorcism.

2. Why diagnose abnormal behavior? The particular form of treatment depends on the diagnosis Most people come to therapy for help with adjustment to everyday living situations. Client characteristics more women than men upper class

3. Reasons for not seeking treatment $ stigma

4. How do different psychologists approach psychotherapy? Psychodynamic therapy Psychoanalysis Goal: Recovery of unconscious conflict/understanding unconscious conflict Therapist�s role: interpret/explains inner significance Techniques: free association dream analysis transference/countertransference Client�s role: active they are responsible for material to be discussed

5. Humanistic therapies Goal: provide supportive, emotional climate Therapist�s role: be genuine, give unconditional (+) regard, be empathetic Techniques: uses reflective listening Client�s role: active; they determine the pace/direction of the therapy, they confront their incongruences

6. Behavior therapies Goal Use principles of learning to change maladaptive behavior Therapist�s role very directive, they design a detailed treatment plan.

7. Behavior therapy techniques Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy Flooding Implosion therapy These interventions are used to treat phobias, adjustment disorders in children, psychosomatic disorders. Client�s role: passive; they simply follow the prescribed program

8. Cognitive Therapy Albert Ellis (Rational Emotive Therapy) Goal: identify/change errors in thinking Therapist�s role: Active;helps client identify/change faulty thinking Techniques: uses �stop think�, may argue with the client Client�s role: has homework assignments Used to treat depression/adjustment disorders. Ellis identifies some incorrect beliefs: �You should be loved by everyone.� and �you need to have perfect self-control at all times.�

9. Cont. Cognitive Aaron Beck Differs in emphasis. Targets maladaptive schemas (patterns of thinking) ie., tendency to merge self-esteem with a faulty belief.

10. Biological Therapies Address physiological/neurotransmitters Historically- used letting or leeches Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery- lobotomy Drug therapy (psychopharmacotherapy) Antianxiety - Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines Valium, Xanax, Buspar Used to treat anxiety disorder and can be addicting

11. Antipsychotics major tranquilizers ie., Thorazine, Mellaril, Haldol Used to treat schizophrenia Antidepressants- 3 classes Tricyclics - Elavil MAO inhibitors - Nardil SSRI - Prozac Used to treat depression, anxiety agoraphobia, OCD Lithium used to treat Manic-depression

12. Multicultural approaches to psychotherapy Cultural specific disorders Susto Anxiety disorder in some Latin American cultures that follows a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body. Symptoms include disruption of appetite and sleep, sadness; there may be some somatic symptoms. Some cultures are not as receptive to therapy as Euro- or African-American cultures.

13. Alternatives to individual therapy Group therapy Advantages less $ greater support social pressure change assist with interpersonal problems Couples and family therapy Couples: focuses on communication Family: systems approach looks at the entire family structure

14. Self- help groups

15. Is there an optimal approach? No one therapy has been shown to be more effective than othes. Research does show therapy is effective, Consumer Reports, 1995

16. Community Mental Health Movement Institutionalization