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Fundamentals of Sensation, Perception, and Adaptation: A Multisensory World

Explore the fundamental concepts of sensation, perception, and adaptation in a multisensory world, including vision, hearing, touch, and smell. Learn about psychophysics, environmental influences, and the challenges faced by the brain in processing information from multiple senses.

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Fundamentals of Sensation, Perception, and Adaptation: A Multisensory World

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  1. Chapter 6 Sensation, Perception, and Adaptation

  2. Outline • Fundamentals of sensation and perception • Vision • Hearing • Touch • Smell

  3. Fundamentals • Psychophysics • Environmental influence • It’s a multisensory world

  4. Fundamentals: Psychophysics • What is the difference between a sensation and a percept? • Psychophysics establishing a map from stimulus to percept • Two key concepts • Difference threshold • Absolute threshold

  5. Fundamentals: Environment • Brain specialization allows an animal to better exploit its environment • What constrains brain size? • Sense receptors detect change, more than constant stimulus

  6. Fundamentals: Multisensory • We experience our world by combining information across multiple senses • What challenges does this present to the brain?

  7. Fundamentals: Multisensory • Think about eating pizza • How many senses are involved? • How does the brain know which sense information is relevant to the pizza vs. the restaurant • Do these cues become associated?

  8. Fundamentals: Multisensory • Superior temporal sulcus is a hub for auditory and visual integration

  9. Vision • How does light get to visual cortex? • Taking context into account • Processing color • Vision like a hawk

  10. Vision • How does light get to visual cortex? • More complex processing each step of the way

  11. Vision: Transduction

  12. Vision: Eyes->LGN->V1

  13. Vision: V1 Cell types

  14. Vision: Higher visual areas

  15. Vision: Face processing network

  16. Vision: Dorsal and ventral streams

  17. High-level vision: Power of context

  18. High-level vision: Power of context

  19. Vision: Color processing • Trichromatic theory • Opponent-process theory

  20. Vision: Color processing • What is the functional value of color? • Are there tasks in our daily environment that require color vision? • What color blindness?

  21. Vision like a hawk • High spatial resolution • High temporal resolution • Why would a predator need such large eyes? • How do prey stand a chance?

  22. Hearing • Stimulus and receptor • Auditory pathway • Echolocation in bats

  23. Hearing: Transduction

  24. Hearing: Cochlear Implants

  25. Hearing: Travel to the cortex

  26. Uber Hearing: Echolocation in Bats

  27. Touch • Receptors • Pathway • Uber-touch: Raccoons

  28. Touch: Receptors

  29. Touch: Pathway

  30. Uber Touch Amount of cortex dedicated to a particular sense is indicative of the animal’s reliance on that sense

  31. Healing Touch • How does tactile input affect healing? • Three groups: • Frontal brain lesions and tactile therapy (FTS) • Frontal brain lesions with no tactile therapy (FNT) • Sham surgery (Control)

  32. Healing Touch

  33. Smell • Stimulus and receptor • Olfactory neural destinations and emotional connections • Pheromones • Uber-olfaction: Rats

  34. Smell: stimulus and receptor

  35. Smell: smelling a predator

  36. Smell: Pheromones • Chemical signaling • Detected by the VNO before being passed to higher cortical regions

  37. Smell: Pheromones

  38. Smell: Pheromones Flehman response What are some pros and cons of using chemical signaling vs. auditory communication?

  39. Uber Smell Huge olfactory bulbs in rats

  40. Uber Smell Hero Rats What are the benefits of using rats to detect landmines? Can you think of any drawbacks?

  41. Sensory mapping in the rat

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