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The Industrial Revolution: Catalyst for Societal Change

Explore the monumental shift in industry and society during the 18th and 19th centuries through advancements in technology, labor conditions, and ideologies. Learn about the impact on economies, social reforms, and the rise of capitalism, socialism, and communism.

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The Industrial Revolution: Catalyst for Societal Change

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  1. Background Industrial Revolution

  2. Background Info • Time period – late 1770s (1775) • Location: G. Britain • Starts as “Agricultural Revolution” • New methods of: • Farming  seed germination • Animals Husbandry (MSU!! ) • New Tools: Seed drill • “Enclosures” • Result: More food • Soon results spread throughout Europe • More food – Healthier moms – Healthier offspring – Population Boom

  3. Meanwhile… • U.S. – E. Whitney “Cotton Gin” 1793 • Result: Cotton takes over South (“King Cotton”) • Cotton spun into cloth (textile) • Textile production and population boom = Textile and garment industry take off  “Ind. Revolution”

  4. Why Great Britain? • Has necessary elements to “host” I.R. • Lrg. Population looking for work • System of rivers & canals  to move: • Raw materials in • Finished goods out • Natural Resources • Coal • Iron

  5. Why Great Britain? • Investors  banks + wealthy looking to invest • “Island”  Natural harbors and ports to move/trade finished goods and materials • Developing Railway (same as above) & Locations and buildings to house “factories”

  6. Positives & Negatives • Positives • Cheaper goods = more can afford items • Developed jobs (people pushed out/off farms) • Developed industry • Developed methods of heating homes • Negatives • Urban Slums • Enviornment • Working Conditions (bad) • Health Conditions (17 yrs)

  7. Social Reforms • “Realist” period (1850-1900) • New Technology: Photography • Photo Journalism (hard to hide) • Exposing: • Working conditions factories (late 1700s -1900s) • Little pay – no unions – long hours • Dangerous machines (no production codes) • Dangerous Facilities • Little heat/air ventilation • Poor lighting – no safety standards • Crumbling buildings • No healthcare/job protection if injured Photo Journal exposing realistic lives of the poor

  8. Social Reforms • New Gov’t system created • In democracies – adapt “Capitalism” • Founder A. Smith “Wealth of Nations” (late 1770s) • Utilitarianism  make laws and policies that help largest segment of society • Socialism  If gov’t doesn’t protect worker – no one will! Curb capitalism

  9. Communism/Marxism • 1850 – Karl Marx German • Phases of Communism • Capitalist system – destroy itself • Workers take over industry & gov’t • After period of co-operative living & education = gov’t wither away • Classless society would develop • Final Phase – Pure communism • All means of production owned by public • Private property exist no more • Everything shared equally • 1848 Communist Manifesto

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