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Influences on Learning: Part 1 - Associative Learning & Language Acquisition

Explore factors influencing respondent and operant learning in this lesson. Discover how sounds and symbols are associated in English, Russian, and Spanish. Learn about the concepts of respondent vs. operant learning and their application in language acquisition.

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Influences on Learning: Part 1 - Associative Learning & Language Acquisition

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  1. Factors Influencing Respondent & Operant Learning:Part 1 Lesson 9

  2. Associative Learning & Language • Language acquisition • Interaction of nature & nurture • Respondent & operant • Respondent • Association of sounds & symbols • English: “deh” = d; “err” = r • Russian: “deh” = д; “err” = р~

  3. Respondent Learning & Language • Associatе sounds/symbolswith objects/actions • English: dog; woman; speak • Spanish: perro; mujer; hablar • Russian: собака; женщина, говорить • Words/ideas • Conditional stimuli • Conditional responses ~

  4. Operant Learning & Language • Babies start off babbling sounds • Inherited behavior • Certain sounds are reinforced • Directly by parents, etc. • Also by consequences • words are understood  consequences • Mother ~

  5. : B SD SR Respondent & Operant Together : CS US UR CR

  6. Respondent vs Operant • Both associative • Involuntary vs voluntary • Biologically important events • US vs SR • Signals/cues • CS vs SD • Contingency • CS : US vs B  SR ~

  7. Factors Influencing Acquisition • Frequency • # learning trials • Predictivity • contingency & probability • Contiguity • timing • Salience • Intensity / novelty ~

  8. Acquisition: Frequency • Gradual • usually requires many pairings • Respondent: CS : US  UR • Operant: SD : B  SR • Measuring the learned response • magnitude • latency / probability / frequency • Asymptote • limit to how much can be learned ~

  9. Asymptote Hi Lo Respondent Acquisition CS : US  UR CR CR Strength CS : US pairings

  10. Asymptote Hi Lo Operant Acquisition SD : B  SR BarPress Rate (B) B  SR Trials

  11. Detour Learning Task

  12. Acquisition: Detour Learning Chicks performance on detour learning task

  13. Acquisition: Predictivity • Contingency • CS+ / CS- • SD / S∆ • Probability • Usefulness of cues • Hi  faster learning • Low  slower learning ~

  14. Delayed Contiguity: Respondent Learning • Order & Timing • Anticipate important event •  strongest to weakest CR CS US CS Trace US

  15. Contiguity: Respondent Learning CS Simultaneous US CS Backward US

  16. Contiguity: Respondent Learning • CS-US interval • In general... • shorter interval  more effective • longer interval  less effective • Depends on response system • Fast: .5 - 2 seconds) • e.g., eye blink, skeletal muscle reflexes • Slow: 2-3 min • e.g., CERs, physiological responses • Nausea (CTA): hours ~

  17. Contiguity: Operant Learning • Delay of Reinforcement • Immediate consequences most effective • temporal contiguity • reinforcement & punishment • longer delays: • ­ probability of other behaviors being reinforced • instead of intended behavior ~

  18. Delay of Reinforcement 20 15 Bar presses per minute 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 Delay between B and SR (sec)

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