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Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XI

Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XI. Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research. Lunar Eclipse November 8 th ,2003. Eclipsed Moonlight from Connelly's Springs, NC by David Cortner. Problem 11.1. Problem 11.2. Problem 11.8.

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Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XI

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  1. Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XI Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research

  2. Lunar Eclipse November 8th,2003 Eclipsed Moonlight from Connelly's Springs, NC by David Cortner. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  3. Problem 11.1 NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  4. Problem 11.2 NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  5. Problem 11.8 NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  6. Physical Processes in the Solar System • A Brief Survey • Stellar Evolution • Planetary Systems • Tidal Forces • The Physics of Atmospheres NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  7. Protoplanetary Disks J. Bally (U. Colorado), H. Throop (SwRI), C.R. O'Dell (Vanderbilt U.), NASA NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  8. A Brief Survey NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  9. Relative Sizes of Planets NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  10. Titius–Bode Rule NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  11. Solar System Inventory • Sun • Planets • Moons • Asteroid belt (2 – 3.5 AU) • Comets • Kuiper belt (30 AU) • Oort cloud (3000 – 100,000 AU) • Meteoroids, meteor, meteorite, and meteor shower  asteroid and comet debris • Zodiacal light NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  12. Zodiacal Light Thousands of stars, several constellations, a planet and a comet all graced the western horizon over Ujue, Spain just after sunset on April 4th, 1997. Because the picture was taken with a fisheye lens, much of the whole night sky is visible. Comet Hale-Bopp, with both tails blazing, appears right of center. The brightest star is Sirius near the edge, well to the left of the constellation Orion. The red star above the belt of Orion is Betelgeuse, while the red star near the center is Aldebaran, to the left of the bright Pleiades star cluster. Many other interesting astronomical objects are visible, e.g., the zodiacal light, which is the diffuse triangular glow in the center. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  13. Origin of the Solar System • Gravitational collapse of the original solar nebula • Formation of accretion disk around proto–sun • Planetesimals (terrestrial planets) and additional presence of ice (jovian planets) • More massive planets accumulate extensive primordial H/He atmospheres • Jovian planets have local accretion disks • Capturing of moons • Cometary nuclei either catapulted into Oort cloud or completely ejected from solar system NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  14. Tidal Forces NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  15. Tidal Forces (cont.) NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  16. Tidal Forces (cont.) Earth’s rotation period is lengthening at a rate of 0.0016 s/century and the Moon is drifting away from Earth by 3 to 4 cm/year. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  17. Physics of Atmospheres Under equilibrium conditions, a planet’s total energy content must remain constant. Therefore, all of the energy absorbed by the planet must be reemitted. If not, the planet’s temperature would change with time. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  18. Exosphere The region in an atmosphere where the mean free path of the particles become long enough for them to travel without appreciable collisions is referred to as exosphere. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  19. Exosphere (cont.) NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  20. Atmospheric Dissipation and Mixing Gravitational or chemical differentiation NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  21. Homework Class Project • Continue improving the PPT presentation. • Use the abstract from the previous assignment as a starting point for a PowerPoint presentation. • The PPT presentation should have between 5 and 10 slides. • Bring a print-out of the draft version to the next class as a discussion template for group work • Homework is due Wednesday November 19th, 2003 at the beginning of the lecture! • Exhibition name competition! NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  22. Homework • Homework is due Wednesday November 19th, 2003 at the beginning of the lecture! • Homework assignment: Problems 18.1, 18.5, and 18.7! • Late homework receives only half the credit! • The homework is group homework! • Homework should be handed in as a text document! NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

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