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Evolutionary Processes and Mechanisms: From Primordial Origins to Modern Adaptations

Explore the diverse evolutionary mechanisms shaping life on Earth, from genetic changes like hybridization to environmental factors driving adaptation. Learn about ancient life forms and current examples of evolution through images and explanations.

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Evolutionary Processes and Mechanisms: From Primordial Origins to Modern Adaptations

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  1. EVOLUTION • A Change in Allele Frequency Over Time

  2. Apopulationincludes all the membersofONEspeciesliving in a specific areahttp://www.e-cobo.com/wallpapers/forest/forest_4.jpg

  3. HYBRIDS http://www.epou.org/hybrids.htm Savannah Tigon Zorse Liger

  4. Crossing over&independentassortmentlead torecombinationhttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/recombvar.JPGhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/comeiosis.gif

  5. Adaptive Radiationhttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/unity/c1x17b-finches.jpg

  6. Geographic Isolationhttp://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_11/18_08.GIFhttp://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_11/18_07.GIF 2 species of squirrels separated by the Grand Canyon

  7. Reproductive Isolationhttp://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/GB%20Properties%20of%20Life.htm Thesefrogsall belong to adifferentspecies

  8. PANGEAhttp://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/pangea.gifPANGEAhttp://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/pangea.gif ~ 250 million years ago

  9. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Gene frequencies in a population will remain CONSTANT as long as: • The population is LARGE • There is NO migration • There are NO mutations • Mating is RANDOM

  10. http://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld013.htmhttp://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld013.htm http://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld014.htm An Example of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

  11. http://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld015.htmhttp://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld015.htm http://www.umbc.edu/bioclass/biol100/powerpoints/lecture10/sld016.htm Another Example of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

  12. Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibriumhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/chap.24/2413.jpghttp://intranet.landmark.edu/blord/bio101/power_point/evolution_files/slide0001_image002.jpghttp://www.algonet.se/~tourtel/hovind_seminar/seminar_part4b.html

  13. Current Examples of Evolutionhttp://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/pics/07_2005/mosquito.jpghttp://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/images/Petri_dish96_10.jpghttp://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/biology/abpi/history/images/antibiotic.jpghttp://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/animalcare/amr/facts/04-081f1.jpg DDT-resistant mosquitoes Penicillin-resistant bacteria

  14. Industrial Melanismhttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ev/m2/s1/assets/images/evm2s1_8.jpghttp://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio304/popgen/moths.gif

  15. Can living organisms come from nonliving things? Francesco Redi’s Experiment(1600s) http://us.inmagine.com/168nwm/itstock/itf139/itf139053.jpghttp://www.wonderquest.com/images/2003-10-31-house-fly.jpghttp://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/maggots.gif

  16. Louis Pasteur(1860) put an end to the idea of spontaneous generationhttp://vilenski.org/science/notebook/unit1/historyoflife/pastuer_image.jpghttp://www.foundersofscience.net/images/pswanflsk.JPG Swan Flask

  17. Earth’s Primitive Atmospherehttp://planete-terre.tripod.com/images/preca.jpg H2 H2O CH4 NH3

  18. Earth’s Modern Atmospherehttp://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_06/FG06_04.JPGhttp://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/earth/atmosphere/images/3oxygen.gif (O3) H2O N2 O2 CO2

  19. Miller & Urey’s Experiment(1953)http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap28/FG28_02.jpg H2 H2O CH4 NH3

  20. Coacervates=the 1stliving organismshttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/coacervate.jpghttp://projects.edtech.sandi.net/miramesa/Organelles/coacervate.htmlhttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/pages/demos/106/unit04/media/early-prebionts.1.jpg

  21. Oldest Traces of Lifehttp://bill.srnr.arizona.edu/classes/182/oldestlife.HTM The oldest known traces of life. A 3.5 billion year-old fossilized photosynthetic bacterium similar to contemporary cyanobacteria(blue green algae)from Western Australia. New discoveries have pushed the origin of cellular organisms further into the past, leaving less time for pre-cellular phases of evolution.

  22. --- Anaerobic Cell Respiration (Fermentation) enzymes glucose→alcohol+CO2+energy --- Photosynthesis (Autotrophs) enzymes CO2+ H2O +light→glucose+O2 --- Aerobic Cell Respiration (Aerobes) enzymes glucose+O2→CO2+H2O+energy

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