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The Evolution of Evolution. Consider…. 10:30 pm on December 31: the first human-like animals emerge Modern-looking humans have only been around for 100,000 years. Evolution. Pre-Darwin Plato and Aristotle Carolus Linnaeus (1717-1778). Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829).
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Consider… • 10:30 pm on December 31: the first human-like animals emerge • Modern-looking humans have only been around for 100,000 years
Evolution • Pre-Darwin • Plato and Aristotle • Carolus Linnaeus (1717-1778)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) • Continual adjustment • Ideas were flawed
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) • Catastrophism • i.e., Noah’s flood
Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) • Geological change was slow and continual , not due to catastrophes • uniformitarianism • Corresponded with Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) • Reached similar conclusions as Darwin
The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin • Variation • The essential underlying feature of evolution • Random mutations create a variety of individuals, some of whom are better suited to the environment
The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin 2. Heritability • Offspring inherit characteristics from their parents
The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin • Differential Reproductive Success • “Natural Selection” • Those who inherit favorable characteristics will thrive • Those who do not will die out
Directional vs. Normalizing Selection • Directional: adaptation toward an adaptive change • i.e., the peppered moth • Normalizing: adaptation against extremes • i.e., birth weight
Evolution After Darwin • “Punctuated Equilibrium” • Stephen Jay Gould • The mapping of the human genome has changed everything • Genetic mutation is not the only element of change • “Switch” Genes