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Settlement and Expansion in the Southern Colonies

Explore the establishment of Maryland, the Mason-Dixon Line, Virginia's expansion, settling the Carolinas, the founding of Georgia, the presence of New France, and New Spain's control in the Southern Colonies.

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Settlement and Expansion in the Southern Colonies

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  1. Chapter 3 section 4Southern Colonies Page 86 Key Terms: Indentured servant: work free for passage Constitution: plan of government Debtor: owed money to someone Tenant Farmer: rented the farmland Mission: religious settlement

  2. I. An American Story • “ Once they whipped my father ‘cause he looked at a slave they killed and cried,” Roberta Mason.

  3. II. Coming to America Workers were needed in the new colonies. They came as indentured servants, prisoners of war, and raids from Africa. They were English, Scotish, and Irish criminals.

  4. Sir George Calvert wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who were being persecuted in England. B. On the Potomac River they established St. Mary's and up river was Baltimore. It soon became the colony’s largest settlement. They promised 100 acres to each male his wife and servant, with 50 for each child. III. Establishing Maryland

  5. IV. The Mason Dixon Line • Also, Maryland had more protestants than Catholics. Which led to the Act of Toleration in Baltimore. • Due to arguments between the Calvert and the Penn families over boundaries, they hired two astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to set the line. • The protestant controlled assembly made the Anglican Church the official church and imposed the same restrictions on Catholics as they ran from in England.

  6. V. Virginia Expands • The wealthy land owners held the costal areas so new settlers moved west and encountered the Native Americans. • Governor William Berkeley promised to stop the westward settlement if the Natives stopped fighting. • Some people didn’t agree- Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt and attacked the natives and attacked Jamestown and ran The Governor into exile. • Bacon’s Rebellion showed that settlers were not staying on the coast and so started the militia force to fight and move west for more land.

  7. VI. Settling the Carolinas • 1663 Carolina King Charles II created the area south of Virginia as Carolina meaning “Charles’s land.” • By 1680 they had established Charles Town, later known as Charleston. • John Locke wrote a constitution (plan of Government) for the colony. • The people didn’t like the plan and split into North and South Carolina.

  8. VII. North and South Carolina • The Northern Part was settled by farmers from Virginia’s back country. They grew tobacco and sold trees for logs. They shipped them out of Virginia. • The southern part was more prosperous due to fertile farmland and a good harbor. They grew rice and it became the main crop. Indigo dye from a blue flower became a major crop. Developed by Eliza Lucas which became the “Blue Gold” of Carolina. • Slave labor was needed by the large amount work needed for these crops. • Carolina settlers wanted more government from the proprietors. So, they seized control in 1729 thus two royal colonies.

  9. VIII. Georgia • Was the last of the royal colonies. Led by George Oglethorpe, settled by English debtors, poor people which were usually put in prison. • The British needed a buffer from the Spanish too. • They built Savannah in 1733 and forts to protect themselves. • Others settled there- refugees from Germany, Switzerland and Jewish people. It soon became a large colony of Non-English people. • The people didn’t like the rules there and after a lot complaints Oglethorpe gave the colony back to the King. They could now have larger land holdings, slaves, and rum.

  10. IX. New France • Elsewhere on the great island of America the French and Spanish had settlements too. • The French had Quebec where trappers and missionaries went deep into the continent. • The Mississippi was explored by Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, followed by Rene-Robert Cavelier and Sieur de La Salle which named the region the Louisiana territory. • Tenant farmers settled along the St Lawrence River and they paid an annual rent to the land owners. The French had a better relationship with the Native Americans.

  11. X. New Spain • Central, South American • Mexico and Caribbean was controlled by the Spanish. 1609 established Santa Fe by missionaries. • California had missions, religious settlements. • The Spanish would convert the Native Americans then make them slaves and servants to work.

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