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AP Psychology The Brain ! EQ: How do different brain areas influence our physical behavior?

AP Psychology The Brain ! EQ: How do different brain areas influence our physical behavior?. 9/16/13. Pinky & the Brain. One of those stupid videos teachers like to show from when they were growing up… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snO68aJTOpM. Sections of the brain. Older sections

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AP Psychology The Brain ! EQ: How do different brain areas influence our physical behavior?

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  1. AP PsychologyThe Brain!EQ: How do different brain areas influence our physical behavior? 9/16/13

  2. Pinky & the Brain • One of those stupid videos teachers like to show from when they were growing up… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snO68aJTOpM

  3. Sections of the brain • Older sections • Limbic system • Cerebral cortex • Language centers

  4. Brainstem • Brainstem is the oldest & lowest part of the brain (fits with evolution). • Made up of the medulla & pons.

  5. Medulla Oblongata • Lower section of brainstem—controls autonomic functions (heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.)

  6. Pons • Pons means “bridge”—connects brainstem (Medulla) & brain (Thalamus) • Regulates sleep, dreaming cycle, etc.

  7. Reticular formation • Reticular = “netlike” • Neural system primarily responsible for arousal from sleep & alertness • Coma cat

  8. Thalamus • Little eggs on top of the brainstem • Routes information to proper places in the brain—makes sense, as it is the first thing after the brainstem

  9. Cerebellum • “Little brain” • Primarily motor control—does not initiate, but it influences coordination, precision, and timing of movements. • Motor learning

  10. Limbic System • Emotions & memory

  11. Amygdala • Bean-sized neural clusters • Aggression & fear • Messing with animals…

  12. Hypothalamus • Influences temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, etc. • Extremely important for homeostasis • Works with pituitary gland • “Pleasure center”

  13. Hippocampus • Means “sea horse” • Extremely important in converting short- to long-term memory (Patient HM) • Spatial memory & navigation

  14. Cerebral Cortex • Frontal lobe (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrULrWRlGBA) • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe

  15. Frontal Lobe • Planning, deciding, perceiving, personality/temperament (Phineas Gage) • Motor cortex—inside frontal lobe

  16. Parietal Lobe • Specialize in sensation (touch, temperature, pain, pressure) • Somatosensory (sensory) cortex—inside parietal lobe • Which body parts take up the most space in the motor & sensory cortexes?

  17. Occipital Lobe & Temporal Lobe • Occipital: back of brain…visual • Temporal: side of brain…sound • Remember Avatar fMRI • They (mostly) correspond with location of eyes/ears.

  18. Cerebral Cortex • Motor cortex • Sensory cortex • Association areas

  19. Association areas • Large difference between humans and animals • Sensory inputs tied to memory

  20. Language centers • Visual cortex • Angular gyrus • Wernicke’s area • Broca’s area • Motor cortex

  21. Language centers (functions) • Visual cortex Processes written info • Angular gyrus Turns written info into auditory info • Wernicke’sarea Interprets auditory info • Broca’sarea Controls speech muscles in motor cortex • Motor cortex Words are pronounced

  22. Aphasia • How would damage to Wernicke’s area & Broca’s area lead to different forms of aphasia? • Wernicke’s: no motor issues, but comprehension issues • Broca’s: major motor issues, but comprehension issues may be intact

  23. Corpus Callosum • Connects the two hemispheres • Can be cut…

  24. Brain posters… • Pick 1 part of the brain (everyone needs a different one). • Your poster should have these parts: • Picture of the brain with location labeled • General overview of its function • What happens if the section is lesioned • At least 1 extra fact (preferably interesting) • Some tips for classmates on how to remember the information

  25. Present posters Yay!

  26. A legion of lesions… • Jot down a list of each part of the brain and what would happen if it was lesioned.

  27. Brain plasticity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaDlLD97CLM • What is plasticity? What happens to it over time? • What is the relationship between brain plasticity and behavior?

  28. Brain hemispheres • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFs9WO2B8uI • Cerebral dominance (certain tasks, but hemispheres cooperate) • Wernicke’s area & Broca’s area: 95% only have them in left hemisphere • Plasticity shows the brain can compensate in the case of a hemispherectomy

  29. Right/left handedness • http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/04/us/being-left-handed-may-be-dangerous-to-life-study-says.html

  30. Homework • Pages 95-106 in Myers

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