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Reconstruction Activity

Reconstruction Activity. With a partner, develop a plan to address the following issues that existed after the Civil War. 4 Million Free Slaves Political Parties Southern Infrastructure Making sure the South is abiding by Union Law Social Uprisings. Lincoln’s Plan.

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Reconstruction Activity

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  1. Reconstruction Activity • With a partner, develop a plan to address the following issues that existed after the Civil War. • 4 Million Free Slaves • Political Parties • Southern Infrastructure • Making sure the South is abiding by Union Law • Social Uprisings

  2. Lincoln’s Plan • 10 percent of southern voters take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. • States vote to end slavery • All but a few Confederate leaders and military leaders able to hold office • No African American participation • Not accepted by Congress • Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau, March 3, 1865. It lasted until 1870.

  3. Johnson’s Restoration Plan • Restored property rights to white land owners • States must ratify 13th Amendment • Recommended limited suffrage for black voters

  4. Southerners Reacted • By creating Black Codes (limited rights) • With violence toward freedpeople • Memphis Race Riot, Spring 1866 • New Orleans Race Riot, 1866 • Congress created the Joint Committee on Reconstruction and conducted inquiries

  5. Congressional Reconstruction1867 to 1877 • Joint Committee on Reconstruction • States must ratify 14th Amendment • black citizenship • Only voters who qualified under the 14th Amendment could vote • Overrides the Black Codes • States must ratify 15th Amendment = Black male voting rights. No women could vote. • Military Reconstruction Act, 1867

  6. The South’s New Leadership in 1867 • ¼ of the South’s males were ineligible to vote • Who could vote? Black Republicans White Unionists of the South (Scalawags) White northerners who came to the South (Carpetbaggers) • By 1872 most all white males could vote due to Congressional amnesty to former Confederates

  7. Benefits of Reconstruction • Universal manhood suffrage • Repair and rebuilding of the South • Industrialization • Social reforms • No debtors’ prison • Married women’s property rights • Taxes overhauled • Education– 4,300 schools for freed people – Came mostly from the Freedman’s Bureau (provided food, clothing and medical care)

  8. Andrew Johnson impeached in 1868 Challenged the Tenure Office Act – Act would require congress to approve removal of officials. Congress passed the bill to be sure Johnson would not fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Conflict came when Johnson challenged Republican Congressman about their policies. Congress decided to impeach Johnson, or bring him to trial for not agreeing with the Tenure Office Act. After a vote, Johnson remained in office by one vote.

  9. Blanche Bruce Hiram Revels Two U.S. Senators from Mississippi

  10. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the KKK, and the End of Reconstruction The KKK wanted to push the Union out of the South. Violence did occur. The Enforcement Act allowed for KKK members to be arrested.

  11. Rutherford B. Hayes and the Compromise of 1877 Compromise of 1877 Potential Secret Deal that resulted in Hayes winning the controversial presidential election of 1876. May have resulted in the end of Reconstruction because troops were pulled out of the South shortly after. * South gained seats in Congress after this.

  12. The New South • Railroads were reconstructed • Industry grew • Tobacco farming became bigger, cotton mills developed (NC) • African Americans became tenant farmers (paid rent for the land they farmed on. • Tenant farmers often became Sharecroppers (paid rent in crops) • Crop liens – insurance policy that allowed merchants to take crops to cover debt. • High interest rates and large debt resulted in Debt Peonage. This trapped sharecroppers on the land because they could not pay their debts. Failure to pay debt could lead to jail.

  13. Amendments – Reconstruction • 13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery • 14th Amendment: Citizenship Rights for all • 15th Amendment: Gave African American Males the right to vote

  14. Focus Questions • Explain the significance of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments. • What was Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan and how did he justify it? • Explain the Tenure Office Act and the controversy it led to? • What were the Black Codes? • What was the reason for the Military Reconstruction Act? • Who were Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce? • Explain the reason for the rise of the KKK. • What is the significance of the Compromise of 1877?

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